消化道出血呕血消化道出血-----呕血呕血(hematemesis):是由上消化道疾病或全身性疾病所致的急性上消化道出血
上消化道指屈氏韧带以上的消化器官,包括食管,胃,十二指肠,肝,胆,胰及部分空肠
呕血上消化道出血的死亡率在最近的40年中仍维持在8%-10%
ThemortalityratesfromupperGIhemorrhagehaveremainedstableat8%to10%duringthelast40years
内窥镜及其治疗技术的出现使严重出血得到早期诊断及治疗,使死亡率降低
Earlyandaccuratediagnosisofpatientswithseverebleedingcanfacilitatetherapeuticmaneuvers,leadingtolowermortalityrates
Thistrendappearstohaveoccurredwiththeuseoftherapeuticendoscopictechniques
对出血的诊断、治疗及预防之前,病人的血液动力学必须稳定
Despitetheincreasingarmamentariumofthetherapeuticendoscopistandangiographer(血管造影),thecornerstoneofmanagementforGIhemorrhageremainsrapidassessmentofthepatientwithappropriateresuscitation
Thepatientmustbehemodynamicallystabilizedbeforediagnosis,therapy,andpreventionofrebleedingcanbegin
胃及十二指肠疾病3
肝、胆道疾病4
急性传染病7