物理学史上最美的十个实验第三名Millikan'soil-dropexperiment密立根油滴实验Sinceancienttimes,scientistshadstudiedelectricity—anintangibleessencethatcamefromtheskyaslightningorcouldbeproducedsimplybyrunningabrushthroughyourhair
In1897theBritishphysicistJ
Thomsonhadestablishedthatelectricityconsistedofnegativelychargedparticles—electrons
ItwaslefttotheAmericanscientistRobertMillikan,in1909,tomeasuretheircharge
Usingaperfumeatomizer,hesprayedtinydropsofoilintoatransparentchamber
Atthetopandbottomweremetalplateshookedtoabattery,makingonepositiveandtheothernegative
Sinceeachdropletpickedupaslightchargeofstaticelectricityasittraveledthroughtheair,thespeedofitsdescentcouldbecontrolledbyalteringthevoltageontheplates
Millikanobservedonedropafteranother,varyingthevoltageandnotingtheeffect
Aftermanyrepetitionsheconcludedth