第十三章羧酸及其衍生物一、用系统命名法命名下列化合物：1.CH3(CH2)4COOH2.CH3CH(CH3)C(CH3)2COOH3.CH3CHClCOOH4.COOH5.CH2=CHCH2COOH6.COOH7.CH3COOCH38.HOOCCOOH9.CH2COOH10.(CH3CO)2O11.COOCOCH312.HCON(CH3)213.COOHO2NO2N14.CONHCO3，5－二硝基苯甲酸邻苯二甲酰亚胺15.CH3CHCHCOOHCH3OH16.OHCOOH2－甲基－3－羟基丁酸1－羟基－环己基甲酸二、写出下列化合物的构造式:1.草酸2，马来酸3，肉硅酸4，硬脂酸HOOCCOOHCCHHCOOHCOOHCH=CHCOOHCH3(CH2)16COOH己酸2，2，3－三甲基丁酸2－氯丙酸2－萘甲酸3－丁烯酸环己烷甲酸对甲基甲酸甲酯对苯二甲酸1－萘乙酸乙酸酐2－甲基顺丁烯二酸酐N,N-2－甲基甲酰胺5．α－甲基丙烯酸甲酯6，邻苯二甲酸酐7，乙酰苯胺8。过氧化苯甲酰胺CH2=CCH3COOCH3COOCONHCOCH3COCOOONHCOH2NCOOC2H5CCNHCNHOOOH2NCNH2NHCOOCOnCH2CHOCOCH3[]n三、写出分子式为C5H6O4的不饱和二元酸的所有异构体（包括顺反异构）的结构式，并指出那些容易生成酸酐：解：有三种异构体：2－戊烯－1，5－二酸；2－甲基－顺丁烯二酸；2－甲基－反丁烯二酸。其中2－甲基－顺丁烯二酸易于生成酸酐。CCHCOOHCOOHCCHCOOHCH3HOOCCH3HOOCCH=CHCH2COOH2－戊烯－1，5－二酸；2－甲基－顺丁烯二酸；2－甲基－反丁烯二酸四、比较下列各组化合物的酸性强度：1，醋酸，丙二酸，草酸，苯酚，甲酸CH3COOH,HOOCCOOHHOOCCH2COOH,,OH,HCOOHHOOCCOOHHOOCCH2COOHHCOOHOHCH3COOH>>>>9．ε－己内酰胺10，氨基甲酸乙酯11，丙二酰脲12，胍13，聚马来酸酐14，聚乙酸乙烯酯酸性强度顺序：2.C6H5OH,CH3COOH,F3CCOOH,ClCH2COOH,C2H5OHF3CCOOHClCH2COOHCH3COOHC6H5OHC2H5OH>>>>3.NO2COOHCOOHNO2COOHOHOHNO2COOHCOOHNO2COOHOHOH>>>>五、用化学方法区别下列化合物:1,乙醇，乙醛，乙酸乙醇乙醛乙酸I2,NaOHHCI3HCI3不变Tollens试剂不变银镜2，甲酸，乙酸，丙二酸甲酸乙酸丙二酸Tollens试剂银镜不变不变加热不变CO23，草酸，马来酸，丁二酸草酸马来酸丁二酸酸性强度顺序为：酸性强度顺序为：溴水不变褪色不变高锰酸钾褪色——不变4,COOHCOOHCH2OHOH2－羟基苯甲酸苯甲酸苯甲醇2－羟基苯甲酸苯甲酸苯甲醇三氯化铁水溶液显色不变不变氢氧化钠水溶液——溶解不溶5，乙酰氯，乙酸酐，氯乙烷乙酰氯乙酸酐氯乙烷硝酸银水溶液立即生成氯化银沉淀不反应加热才有氯化银沉淀六、写出异丁酸和下列试剂作用的主要产物：1.Br2/PCH3CH3CHCOOHBr2/PCH3CCOOHBrCH32.LiAlH4/H2OCH3CHCOOHCH3LiAlH4/H2OCH3CH3CHCH2OH3.SOCl2CH3CH3CHCOOHSOCl2CH3CH3CHCOCl4.(CH3CO)2O/CH3CH3CHCOOH(CH3CO)2O/CH3CHCO)2CH3(O+CH3COOH5.PBr3CH3CH3CHCOOHPBr3(CH3)2CHCOBr6.CH3CH2OH/H2SO4CH3CH3CHCOOHCH3CH2OH/H2SO4(CH3)2CHCOOC2H57.NH3/CH3CH3CHCOOHNH3/(CH3)2CHCONH2七、分离下列混合物：CH3CH2COCH2CH3,CH3CH2CH2CHO,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,CH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2COCH2CH3NaOHaqCH3CH2CH2COONaHClCH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2COCH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CHSO3NaOHH+,H2OCH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2COCH2CH3NH23NHOHCH3CH2CCH2CH3NNHOHHClCH3CH2COCH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2OH八、写出下列化合物加热后生成的主要产物：1，2－甲基－2－羟基丙酸2，β－羟基丁酸3，β－甲基－γ－羟基戊酸4，δ－羟基戊酸5，乙二酸用氢氧化钠水溶液处理，再酸化分出丁酸加饱和NaHSO3CH3CH3CCOOOCOCCH3CH3CH3CH=CHCOOHOCOCH3OCO(CH3)2CCOOHOHCH3CHCH2COOHOHCH3CH3CHCHCH2COOHOHHOCH2CH2CH2CH2COOHHOOCCOOHHCOOH+CO2九、完成下列各反应式（写出主要产物或主要试剂）1.CH3CH2CN(A)H2O,H+CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2COCl(B)SOCl2(G)H2,Pd/BaSO4CH3CH2CHOCH3CH2CONH2(D)P2O5(E)NH3(C)NH3(F)NaOBr,NaOHCH3CH2NH22.C=O1.C2H5MgBr2,H3O+OHC2H5PBr31.Mg,(C2H5)2O2.CO2,H3O+C2H5COOH3.ClCClO2NH3H2NCNH2OH2NCNH2OH2NCONHCNH2O4.C=ONaCN,H2SO4OHCNH3O+OHCOOHOOOCOC十、完成下列转变：1.CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2COOH[H]CH3CH2CH2OHPBr3CH3CH2CH2BrNaCNCH3CH2CH2CNH3O+CH3CH2CH2COOH2.CH3CH2CH2COHCH3CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2COOHCl2/PCH3CH2CHCOOHCl-OHCH3CH2CHCOOHOHKMnO4,H...
