直接引语与间接引语[tracy]VIP免费

NextpageUnitoneGoodFriend直接引语与间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。B.用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。2.例如：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）Johnsaid，“Ilikereadingstorybooks.”约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）Johnsaidthathelikedreadingstorybooks。一.陈述句（Statements）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。从句的人、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1）人称的变化他说：“我非常喜欢它。”他说他非常喜欢它。2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。Hesaid，“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语转化间接引语时的变化例句直接引语间接引语This-thatShesaid,“I’llfinishtheworkthismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldfinishtheworkthatmorning.These-thoseHesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Now-thenHesaid,“It’snineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.Today-thatdayHesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”HEsaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.Yesterday-thedaybeforeShesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.Tomorrow-thenextdayShesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.Ago-beforeShesaid,“Heleft30minutesago.”Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutesbefore.Here-thereHesaid,“Mysisterwashereoneweekago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.Come-goShesaid,“I’llcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.•时态的变化直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化列句直接引语间接引语一般现在时—一般过去时Hesaid，“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.现在进行时-过去进行时Hesaid，“I’musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时-过去完成时Shesaid，“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.一般过去时-过去完成时Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.过去完成时不变Hesaid，“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedthehomeworkbeforesupper.一般将来时-过去将来时Shesaid，“I’lldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed,”Mothersaidtome.Mothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday\tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。2.疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以家一个间接宾语（me，him，her，usect）。（1）Hesaid，“areyouinterestedinEnglish？”HeaskedmeifIwasinterestedinEnglish.（2）Hesaid，“Didyouseehimlastnight？”HeaskedmewhetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore。2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。“WhatcanIdoforyou？”heaskedme。Heaskedmewhathecoulddoforme。