用交际任务设计课堂活动的行动研究作者：朱京力【提要】长期以来教师们依靠语言课堂指导学生反复练习英语的语音、词汇、句子结构，让学生回答问题，以此来展示学生在教师指导下所学内容。然而被教师和研究者们所采用的这种方法可能不是一种和学生一起完成学习内容的最佳途径。当我们从不同角度来看当今的英语语言教学和学习时，交际任务的使用成为课堂语言学习的一个有效的支持。随着课堂内任务使用的增长，我们更应该全新的阐述一下作为教学和研究来使用的任务，而不是只给它附上定义。根据这个需要，这篇论文介绍了两个用来定义任务的特征──互动式活动和交际目标，并且从类型上加以扩展。我们可以在讨论交际性任务在达到教学和研究目的的作用中，对交际性任务加以认识、分类和比较。【关键词】交际任务活动互动Abstract：Formanyyears,teachershavereliedonlanguagelessons,directingstudentstorepeatandpracticeEnglishsounds,wordsandstructures,orcallingonthemtoanswerquestionsandtherebydisplaywhattheylearnedthroughinstruction.Suchapproachestakenbyteachersandresearchers,however,maynotbethemostsuitablemeansofteachingandhelpingwithstudents.WhenviewedfromtheperspectiveofcurrentEnglishlanguageteachingandlearning,amoreeffectivewaytosupportlanguagelearningintheclassroomisrevealedthroughtheuseofcommunicationtasks.Theincreasinguseoftasksforclassroominstructionhascalledforafullerexplicationoftaskasateachingandresearchconstructthanisofferedbyitscurrentdefinitions.Inlightofthisneed,thispaperhasillustratedtwofeatureswhichhavebeenusedtodefinetasks──interactionalactivityandcommunicationgoal──andexpandedtheminatypology,throughwhichcommunicationtaskscanbeidentified,classified,andcomparedwithregardtotheirrolesinmeetinginstructionalandresearchpurposes.Keywords:communicationtaskactivityinteractiveIntroductionHowcanteachersgetlanguagelearnerstotalk?ThisisthetypicalandcommonquestionwhichhasalwaysbeenaskedbymostteachersandresearchersinChina.Formanyyears,teachershavereliedonlanguagelessons,directingstudentstorepeatandpracticeEnglishsounds,wordsandstructures,orcallingonthemtoanswerquestionsandtherebydisplaywhattheylearnedthroughinstruction.Suchapproachestakenbyteachersandresearchers,however,maynotbethemostsuitablemeansofcarryingouttheirworkwithstudents.WhenviewedfromtheperspectiveofcurrentEnglishlanguageteachingandlearning,amoreeffectivewaytosupportlanguagelearningintheclassroomisrevealedthroughtheuseofcommunicationtasks.Whatisatask?Task-basedlanguageteachingTBLhasbeenextensivelyusedinnowadaysEnglishlanguageteaching.Recently,manyEnglishteachersandresearchersinChinadevoteagreatdealoftheirtimeandenergytowardtheTBL.Thetask-basedlanguageteachingaimsatprovidingopportunitiesforthelearnerstoexperimentwithandexplorebothspokenandwrittenlanguagethroughlearningactivitieswhicharedesignedtoengagelearnersintheauthentic,practicalandfunctionaluseoflanguageformeaningfulpurposes.First,let'sgetdowntoknowingwhatisatask?Therearevariousdefinitionsoftasks.Hereisalistofsomeofthem:a.Long(1985:89):Ataskis“apieceofworkundertakenforoneselforforothers,freelyorforsomereward.Thus,examplesoftasksincludepaintingafence,dressingachild,fillingoutaform...andhelpingsomeonecrossaroad.Inotherwords,bytaskismeantthehundredandonethingspeopledoineverydaylife,atwork,atplay,andinbetween.”b.Richards,PlattandWeber(1986:289):Ataskis“anactivityoractionwhichiscarriedoutastheresultofprocessingorunderstandinglanguage(i.e.asaresponse).”c.Nunan(1989:10):Acommunicativetaskis“apieceofclassroomworkwhichinv...
