第五节 被动语态,练习及其译法、阅读理解讲解 第一部分 被动语态的使用 1.主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态变被动语态要遵循以下的规律:“主(语)变宾(语),宾(语)变主(语),动词变‘be + done’,其余部分带下来。” *done代表各种动词的过去分词。 e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday. 主语 动词 宾语 其余部分 The window was broken by the student yesterday. 主语 动词(be done形式) 宾语 其余部分 I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一个箱子搬进房间。 The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一个箱子正在被我搬进房间。 (主语I变成by形式,宾语a box变成主语放在句首,动词am carrying 变成is being carried形式,而其他部分into the room带到下句,一般将by结构省略。) 2.几种特殊句型的被动语态 ①含有双宾语句子的被动语态。 e.g.: I gave him a pen. 主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 本句有两种变法,既可以将间接宾语变成主语(a),有可以把直接宾语变成主语(b)。 a. You w ere given a pen. b. A pen w as given to you. 注意将直接宾语变成主语,要用to来连接动词和间接宾语(宾格形式),切不可省略。 ②含有复合宾语句子的被动语态。 e.g.: We elected him our president. 主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 按照变化规律本句应变化为: He w as elected our president by we (us). 但是有些情况(如下),要用to来连接宾语补足语和动词。 I made the door open. The door w as made to open. *注意:在本句中make是使役动词(包括感观动词),它后接不加to的不定式做宾语补足语,但是变成被动语态时要将to还原,不可省略。 She saw me walking along the street. I w as seen to being w alked along the street ③含有情态动词句子的被动语态。 e.g.: He need look after his mother in the hospital. 按照变化规律本句应变化为: His mother need be looked after in the hospital. 含有情态动词句子变被动语态的规律是:情态动词+be+动词原形。 ④含有动词词组句子的被动语态。 e.g.: He looked at the picture. 按照变化规律本句应变化为: The picture w as looked at by he (him). 注...