1 被动语态讲义（一）（二） 被动语态（一） 一、基本知识。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 We planted the tree. B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 The tree was planted by us. 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词（+by）构成。 (一)被动语态基本用法: 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。 (二)被动语态的基本结构: 被动语态由助动词 be+过去分词+by构成，当不想强调动作执行者时，by可省略，时态通过 be 表现出来。 be + 过去分词 2 注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态 不同时态的具体结构： 1. 一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night. A. was found 3 B. is found C. was looked for 3. 现在完成时：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 Three bridges ____ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built 4. 一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词 More man-made satellites ____ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up 5. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Flowers ____ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water 6. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The students are cleaning the classroom now. The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。(are cleaning 变为 is being cleaned) 7. 过去进行时：was / were + being + done The workers were mending the road at that time yesterday. The road was being mended at that time yesterday. ...
