高中英语语法——情态动词总结

情态动词总结I 情态动词的特征：1. 本身有词义。2. 不能独立作谓语。2. 后接动词原形一起构成谓语。3. 不随人称和数的变化。II 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法1. can 与 could 用法对比点cancould1、表“能力”CanyouliftthisheavyboxIcouldn'tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“许可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“怀疑”No,no,itcan'tbetrue.WhatonearthcanthismeanWethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless4、can 与beableto 区别1.could 代替 can，表示语气更为婉转。Eg.CouldIuseyourbikeYes,Ican2. can（能够）-beableto（仅表能力时），但 beableto 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。与 might 用法对比点maymight1.表“询问”MayI…（二 CanI…）MightI…（二 CouldI…）（但比用 may 更客气）2•表“允许”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.（might 与 told 相呼应）3.表“可能”“或许”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I'mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1. MayI…的答语。2. may 可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may（might）用于目的状语从句。肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustn't 不行（语气强硬）No,youmaynot 或 No,you'dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must 与 haveto 用法对比点musthaveto1.表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It'srainingheavily,wecan'tgonow.2.疑问句MustI…Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn't./youdon'thaveto.（不必）DoyouhavetogotodayYes,wedo.Youdon'thavetoworryaboutthat.4.need 与 dare 用法对比点needdare1•情态 v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式Heneednot（needn't）go.NeedwedoitagainNo,youneedn'tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.DareshegooutaloneatnightHowdareyousayI'munfairIfhedaredothat,he'llbepunished.Idaresay.（固定用法）2.实义 v.+todo1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑问式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn't（doesnot）needtogo.DoesheneedtodoitagainNo,hedoesn'tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot（doesn't）daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo 表示过去没必要做Shedidn'tneedtoatten...