名词解释 Glossary 第一章 蛋白质的结构与功能 Chapter 1 Structure and Function of Protein peptide bond（肽键）：a covalent bond linking the α- amino group of one amino acid and theα-carboxyl group of another in a protein molecule. peptide（肽）：a molecule containing two or more amino acids linked by peptide bond. primary structure of protein （蛋白质的一级结构）：the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. secondary structure of protein（蛋白质的二级结构）：the spatial arrangement of local portions of a polypeptide chain. tertiary structure of protein（蛋白质的三级结构）：the spatial arrangement of all the atoms of a protein or a subunit. quaternary structure of protein（蛋白质的四级结构）：the spatial arrangement of a protein that consists of more than one folded polypeptide chain or subunit. subunit（亚基）：an individual polypeptide chain that associates with one or more separate chains to form a complete protein. motif（模序）：a substructure formed with two or more secondary-structure peptide segments that are drawn close to each other. domain（结构域）：a region within a protein, particularly within a large polypeptide, that functions in a semi-independent manner. positive cooperativity（正协同效应）：an effect that the binding of one ligand to a protein facilitates the subsequent ligand binding. allosteric effect（变构效应）：an effect that a small molecule, called an effector, noncovalently binds to a protein and alters its activity. isoelectric point（pI）of protein （蛋白质的等电点）：the pH at which a protein has an equal number of positive and negative charges and hence bears no net charge. denaturation of protein（蛋白质变性）： the disruption of the natively folded structure of a protein caused by exposure to heat, radiat...
