精品文档---下载后可任意编辑第一章绪论Chapter 1 Introduction一名词解释1.人类基因组计划:与曼哈顿原子弹计划和阿波罗登月计划相媲美的美国人类基因组计划(human genome project, HGP),解读人基因组上的所有基因、24 个染色体 DNA 分子中的碱基序列。在“人类基因组计划”中,分为两个阶段:DNA 序列图以前的计划和 DNA 序列图计划。序列图前计划包括遗传图、物理图、转录图。2. RFLP (restrict fragment length polymorphism ):A variation from one individual to the next in the number of cutting sites for a given restriction endonuclease in a given genetic locus.3. DNA 指纹:基因组中存在着多种重复序列,拷贝数从几个到数十万个,可分为串联重复序列和分散重复序列。根据个体重复序列拷贝的位置和数目的差异,使用限制性内切酶,获得具有个体特异性的 DNA 片段。可以作为亲缘关系或个人身份的鉴定。4. SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism, 单核苷酸多态性):在一个群体中,基因组内某一特定核苷酸位置上出现 2 种或 2 种以上不同核苷酸的现象,在群体中相应频率为 1-2%。假如低于这个频率,可视为点突变。二简答1. What is molecular biology?Molecular biology is the subject of gene structure and function at the molecular level. To explain the principle of development, metabolism, heredity and variation,aging at the molecular level. It grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry.2. Major events in the genetics century第二章核酸、蛋白质结构一选择题:B, E, D, A, A二名词解释1.23.构象 Conformation,),指一个分子中不改变共价键结构,仅是单键周围的原子旋转所产生的原子空间排列。4.Genetic code:5.Codon:6.7.Termination codon:In the , a stop codon (or termination codon) is a triplet within that signals a termination of translation. are unique sequences of , and most in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing protein chain — stop codons signal the termination of this process, releasing the amino acid chain. In the standard...