英语常用修辞1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.例如:1>.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.2>.Iwanderedlonelyasccloud.3>.Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.4>.Thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。5>.Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytalesandhadpassedmelikeaspirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。6>.Ithaslongleavesthatswayinthewindlikeslimfingersreachingtotouchsomething.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。7>.CarlosLehderwastococainetransportationwhatHenryFordwastocars.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.例如:1>.Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.2>.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.3>.GermangunsandGermanplanesraineddownbombs,shellsandbullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。4>.Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。5>.Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.6>.Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.7>.Timeisariver,ofwhichmemoryisthewater.Ohmyfriend,whatIscoopupfromtheriverisallyearningofyou.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻3.借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。就是借用甲来表示乙,但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.1>.以容器代替内容,例如:Thekettleboils.水开了.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.2>.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.3>.以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集4>.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.5>.Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonyhhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem...几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。“word”在这里代替了“news,information”(消息、信息)6>.Alspokewithhiseyes,“yes”.艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”。“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。7>.Adoctormmusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady.8>.Shewastobesureagirl,whoexcitedtheemoions,butIwasnottheonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般一般代替特殊.又称举隅法,举隅指举一反三之意,具有“牵一发而动全身”之功能。主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。它往往因微见著,在提到某人或某物时,不直呼其名,与其密不可分的东西来代替。Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.例如:1>.Thereareabout100handsworkin...