高中英语 U2被动语态的用法(1)素材 新人教版选修7

被动语态的用法(1)一、英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。以下情况使用被动语态：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。The room hasn't been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词"句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.) 大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有：It is reported that… 据报道It is said that… 据说It is believed that… 大家相信It is suggested that… 有人建议二、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.2、将动词改为"be + 过去分词"。They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。3、将主动语态的主语改为 by…放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.三、基本结构一般现在时is / am / are + done一般过去时was / were + done一般将来时will / shall be + done现在完成时has / have + been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时will have been done现在进行时am / is / are + being done过去进行时was / were + being done过去将来时would / should be + done不 定 式to be done、to have been done含情态动词情态动词 + be + done、情态动词 + have been done例句：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every T...