Unit 3 Inventors and inventions ---Grammar:动词-ed 形式作定语动词-ed 形式作表语动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语一、动词-ed 形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很近，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”的意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1. The tall man is a returned student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers． 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed 形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again． 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定语 ① 少数单个动词的-ed 形式, 如 left 等, 只能作后置定语。 Everything used should be marked． 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。② 动词-ed 形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)3. We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。1）Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2）The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century....
