Ancient RomeAncient Rome is that time in history when the Roman Empire existed. At its peak, the empire included most of Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East. The Romans were known for their army, architecture, and government. The empire existed from about 100 B.C. to 500 A.D.Although many people talk about the "rise and fall" of the Roman Empire, others focus on how the civilization changed over time. Both positives (i.e., art and architecture) and negatives (i.e., slavery, cruelty) can be identified in the culture throughout the history of Ancient Rome. The first settlements were established around 753 B.C. At the height of the empire around 200 A.D., the empire covered 2.5 million square miles. The Western Empire fell in 476 A.D. and the Eastern Empire lasted until 1453. Based on strict organization and centralized control, the empire was connected by a huge network of roads with the city of Rome in the center. Each town was planned in exactly the same way including a system of streets, running water, and sewers. The forum at the center of town was surrounded by shops, temples, and government buildings. A strong army defended and expanded the empire. The soldiers belonged to legions of about 5,000 people. They were highly trained and well-equipped with armor, shields, spears, and swords. A well-organized civil service system governed the people. Roman history contains many famous figures including Augustus the first emperor, Julius Caesar, Caligula, and Nero. The Romans had many festivals and rituals for events such a childbirth, marriage, and funerals. Like Greek culture, Roman culture was known for its mythology. The Romans enjoyed food, baths, and all kinds of entertainment. Public games such as chariot races were held in amphitheaters, while chariot races were held in circuses - - a Latin name for a racetrack or speedway.
