中国的仲裁制度（英）ArbitrationSystemArbitrationisalegalarrangementwherebybothpartiestoacivil（commercial）disputereachanagreementtovoluntarilysubmitthecasetoathirdpartytoadjudicateinaccordancewithspecifiedproceduresandrulesandfollowingtheprincipleofimpartiality,andwherebybothpartiesareboundtoenforcetheruling.Arbitrationisusuallyanon-governmentaltradeactivity;itrepresentsaprivateaction.Togetherwithcomposition,mediationandaction,itisacommonwaytosettlecivil（commercial）disputes.Arbitration,however,issubjecttostatesupervision.TheStateintervenesthroughcourtsinaccordancewithlegalprovisionsoftheplacewherethearbitrationtakesplaceinthevalidityofthearbitrationaward,themakingofarbitrationprocedures,theenforcementofawardsandinthecaseofinvoluntaryenforcementbyaparty.Arbitration,therefore,isajudicialactivityandapartofChina’sjudicialregime.TheArbitrationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,promulgatedonAugust31,1994,unifiedarbitrationpracticesacrossthecountryandharmonizesChina’sarbitrationsystemwithinternationallyacceptedprinciples,systemsandpractices.BasicPrinciples1.Voluntarism:Partiestoadisputeshouldvoluntarilyreachanagreementtoresolvetheirdisputethrougharbitration.Anarbitrationcommitteeshallnotconsideracasewithoutapplicationfromapartytotheagreement.2.Independence:Arbitrationshouldbeindependentofanyinterferencefromadministrativebodies,socialorganizationsorindividuals.Anarbitrationagencyisnotpartoftheadministrativeapparatus.Arbitrationinstitutionsareestablishedgeographically,independentfromeachother;theyhavenoaffiliationamongthemselves.Arbitrationcommittees,arbitrationassociationsandarbitrationtribunalsarealsoindependentfromeachother,witharbitrationtribunalsadjudicatingcasesfreefrominterferencebyarbitrationassociationsorarbitrationcommittees.Courtsmustexercisethepowerofsupervisionoverarbitrationactivities;however,arbitrationisnotdependentonadjudicationandarbitrationinstitutionsarenotdependentoncourts.3.LegalityandImpartiality:TheArbitrationLawprovidesthatarbitrationshouldbebasedonfacts,complywithlawsandresolvedisputesinanimpartialandreasonablemanner.ArbitrationBodies1.ArbitrationAssociationChinaArbitrationAssociationisaself-disciplinaryorganizationofarbiters.Itsupervisesarbitrationcommitteesandtheirmembersandthebehaviorsofarbitersinaccordancewiththeirconstitution.ArbitrationcommitteesaremembersoftheChinaArbitrationAssociation.Theconstitutionoftheassociationismadebyanationalcongress.ItmakesarbitrationrulesinaccordancewiththeArbitrationLawandtheCivilProcedureLaw.2.ArbitrationCommitteesArbitrationcommitteesareexecutivebodiesestablishedincapitalcitiesofprovinces,municipalitiesandautonomousregions.Theycanalsobesetupinothercitiesifnecessary.Arbitrationcommitteesareformedwithmembersfromgovernmentdepartmentsandchambersofcommerceandregisteredwiththejudicialadministrationoftheprovince（municipality,autonomousregion）.Anarbitrationcommitteeconsistsofonechairman,two-to-fourvicechairmen,andsevento11members.Thechairman,vicechairmenandmembersshouldbelegalandtradeexpertsandindividualswithworkingexperience.Thenumberoflegalandtradeexpertsshouldnotbelessthanonethirdofthemembershipofanarbitrationcommittee.Arbitersshouldmeetthefollowingqualifications:Eightfullyearsinthearbitrationfield;Eightfullyearsinthelegalprofession;Eightfullyearsasjudge;Specializedinlegalresearchandteachingandholdingaseniorprofessi...
