考点十八科普研究类A限时8分钟Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyou'reusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车)problem”：Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma，”DrAlbertBarqueDuran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCityUniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarqueDurannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”It'sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe'reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。你所使用的手机或电脑设备是否影响你的道德决策？为此，研究者对1,010位参与者做了研究。1．Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A．Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B．Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C．Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.D．Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic‘trolley(有轨电车)problem’”可以推断出，作者提及到电车问题，只是展示了研究的问题中的一个例子。故选C。2．Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A．Calmly.B．Cruelly.C．Hesitantly.D．Enthusiastically.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma”可知，对于情感困境，手机使用者更能够镇定地处理。故选A。3．DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones________.A．helppeoplebearmorepressureB．helppeoplemakedecisionsquickerC．makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD．makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，与电脑相比较，手机更使人感到心理上的疏远。故选C。4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.B．ThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.C．PeoplewhooftenusesmartphonesorPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.D．Itiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.答案：D推理判断题。A、B、C三项文中均未提及。而文中多处出现moralproblems,moraldecisions，故D项正确。B限时8分钟Overthepastcoupleofdays,onourlocalFreecyclepagetherehavebeenalotofwantedposts,allfromthesameperson,basicallyaskingforeverythingyou'dneedtosetupahousefromscratch.Oneofthethingstheyaskedforwasaqueensizedbed.Atthattimewejusthappenedtohaveanextraone,soImessagedthem.Theyimmediatelycameinth...
