新编高考化学备考资料专题十化学反应与能量变化图像、盖斯定律【高频考点解读】1．了解化学反应中能量转化的原因，能说出常见的能量转化形式。2．了解化学能与热能的相互转化。了解吸热反应、放热反应、反应热等概念。3．了解热化学方程式的含义，能用盖斯定律进行有关反应热的简单计算。4．了解能源是人类生存和社会发展的重要基础。了解化学在解决能源危机中的重要作用。【热点题型】题型一考查燃烧热与中和热例1、2SO2(g)＋O2(g)2SO3(g)反应过程的能量变化如图所示。已知1molSO2(g)氧化为1molSO3(g)的ΔH＝－99kJ·mol－1。请回答下列问题：(1)图中A、C分别表示________、________，E的大小对该反应的反应热有无影响？________。该反应通常用V2O5作催化剂，加V2O5会使图中B点升高还是降低？________，理由是____________________________；(2)图中ΔH＝________kJ·mol－1；(3)V2O5的催化循环机理可能为：V2O5氧化SO2时，自身被还原为四价钒化合物；四价钒化合物再被氧气氧化。写出该催化循环机理的化学方程式：_____________________________________________；(4)已知单质硫的燃烧热为296kJ·mol－1，计算由S(s)生成3molSO3(g)的ΔH(要求计算过程)。(已知燃烧热是指25℃、101kPa时，1mol纯物质完全燃烧生成稳定的化合物时所放出的热量)kJmol1198kJmol1(1)101kPa1molC(s)O2(g)===CO2(g)H393.5kJmol1393.5kJmol1(2)1mol57.3kJmol1H57.3kJmol1(3)(4)()CH3OH(g)H2O(g)===CO2(g)3H2(g)H49.0kJmol1CH3OH(g)12O2(g)===CO2(g)2H2(g)H192.9kJmol1()ACH3OH192.9kJmol1BCCH3OHH2DCH3OH(l)12O2(g)===CO2(g)2H2(g)H>192.9kJmol12()A890.3kJmol1CH4(g)2O2(g)===CO2(g)2H2O(g)H890.3kJmol1B50030MPa0.5molN21.5molH2NH3(g)19.3kJN2(g)3H2(g)2NH3(g)H38.6kJmol1CHClNaOH57.3kJmol1H2SO4Ca(OH)2H257.3kJmol1)D101kPa2gH2285.8kJ2H2(g)O2(g)===2H2O(l)H571.6kJmol11Hslgaq2(1)H2(g)1/2O2(g)===H2O(l)H285.8kJmol1(2)(3)25101kPa3(H)(1)kJmol1(2)4(1)(2)(3)HH2(g)1/2O2(g)===H2O(1)HakJmol12H2(g)O2(g)===2H2O(l)HbkJmol1abb2a5H2H2(g)O2(g)===2H2O(l)HbkJmol12H2O(l)===2H2(g)O2(g)HckJmol1cb(1)H(2)HH(3)H25101kPa57.3kJ/mol5518kJ/mol()A2H(aq)SO24(aq)Ba2(aq)2OH(aq)===BaSO4(s)2H2O(l)H57.3kJ/molBKOH(aq)12H2SO4(aq)===12K2SO4(aq)H2O(l)H57.3kJ/molCC8H18(l)252O2(g)===8CO2(g)9H2O(g)H5518kJ/molD2C8H18(g)25O2(g)===16CO2(g)18H2O(l)H5518kJ/mol3Fe2O3(s)32C(s)===32CO2(g)2Fe(s)H234.1kJmol1C(s)O2(g)===CO2(g)H393.5kJmol12Fe(s)32O2(g)===Fe2O3(s)H()A824.4kJmol1B627.6kJmol1C744.7kJmol1D169.4kJmol1HH121mol3Qn()H2H285.8kJmol1H22molH22mol285.8kJmol1571.6kJ4H2Cl2HClH2(g)Cl2(g)===2HCl(g)679kJmol1862kJmol1H679kJmol1862kJmol1183kJmol15CH3COOH(l)2O2(g)===2CO2(g)2H2O(l)H870.3kJmol1C(s)O2(g)===CO2(g)H393.5kJmol1H2(g)12O2(g)===H2O(l)H285.8kJ/mol12C(s)2H2(g)O2(g)===CH3COOH(l)H488.3kJmol1(1)(2)(3)HSF6SF1molS(s)280kJ1molFFSF160kJ330kJS(s)3F2(g)===SF6(g)H()A1780kJ/molB1220kJ/molC450kJ/molD430kJ/molS(s)3F2(g)===SF6(g)280kJ160kJ760kJ330kJ1980kJ1220kJH1220kJ/molB1201491molH2O298KJIH2O2H2O2I2OIOH2O2IO2OO2I()AIBIOC98KJmol1Dv(H2O2)=v(H2O)=v(O2)22014131molCuSO45H2O(s)H11molCuSO4(s)H2CuSO45H2OCuSO45H2O(s)=====CuSO4(s)+5H2O(l)H3AH2H3BH1H3CH1+H3=H2DH1+H2H33201410C(s)O2(g)CO2(g)H1CO2(g)C(s)2CO(g)H22CO(g)O2(g)2CO2(g)H34Fe(s)3O3(g)2Fe2O3(s)H43CO(g)Fe2O3(s)3CO2(g)2Fe(s)H5AH10H30BH20H40CH1H2H3DH3H4H5420144lmolH-HH-OO-O436kJ/mol463kJ/mol495kJ/molAH2O(g)=H2(g)+21O2(g);H=-485kJ/molBH2O(g)=H2(g)+21O2(g);H==+485kJ/molC2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)H=+485kJ/molD2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)H=-485kJ/molD520146C(s)H2O(g)CO(g)H2(g)HakJ/molC(s)O2(g)2CO(g)H220kJ/molHHOOOH436496462kJ/molaA332B118C350D1306201491,32CH2=CHCH=CH2(g)2H2(g)CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)236.6kJCH3CCH3(g)2H2(g)CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)272.7kJA1,32B1,32C1,32DDD720148AaBCDE1+E...
