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国际公法概念：rulesandnormsregulatingtherelationshipsbetweenstatesiscalledpublicinternationallaw法律渊源概念：LegalsourceDefinition:sourcesinlegalsenserefertosomething(suchasaconstitution,treaty,statute,orcustom)thatprovideauthorityforlegislationandforjudicialdecisions.母公司子公司分公司关系：发起人Promotersarepeoplewhobringacorporationintobeing,theonewhosignontheinitialconstitutionofthecorporation权利义务成立过程中的责任：Thelegalliability法律责任ofPromoters:LiabilitytotheotherPromoters:thepromotersassumejointliabilityeachothertothetotalcostanddebtinincorporatingprocess.LiabilitytotheCorporation:Fiduciarydutytothecorporation:thedutiesoffulldisclosure,goodfaithandabsolutehonestytothecorporationLiabilitytotheshareholdersandcreditors:Mergermergerbyamalgamation（吸收合并）(whenacorporationhasanothercorporationamalgamatedwithit,itismergerbyamalgamation,andtheamalgamatedcorporationshallbedissolved)mergerbynewestablishment（新设合并）(whentwoormorecorporationsmergetoestablishanewcorporation,itismergerfornewestablishment,andallpartiesbeingmergedshallbedissolved)whencorporationsmerge,theclaimsanddebts债权债务ofallthepartiestothemergershallbesucceededtobythecorporationthatcontinuestoexistafterthemergerorbythenewlyestablishedcorporation.股权equity债权debt区别：股票债券的区别???CorporationwithLimitedLiabilityshareholdersassumelimitedliabilitytocorporationstocksnotissuedandcouldnotbefreelytransferredTransferofstocksbestrictlyrestricted.therelationshipbetweenshareholdersismuchstable)CorporationLimitedbySharesthetotalcapitaldividedintoequalstockstockbepubliclyissuedandcouldbefreelytransferredaccordinglawCISG适用范围＝联合国国际货物销售合同适用范围允许定约国对部分条款保留吗？允许。CISGempowersacontractingStatetodeclarethatitwillnotbeboundbypartⅡorⅢofCISG.合同形式要求Essentialelementsofavalidcontractcommonlaw1.offerandacceptance2.consideration3.legalcapacity4.notforillegalpurpose,notillegalactivityandnotcontrarytopublicpolicythecivillaw:=Chinalawsimilartothecommonlawexceptforthelegallysufficientconsideration.什么情况买方可以解除合同？Ifacontractisconcludedbyonepartyagainsttheotherparty’strueintentionsthroughtheuseoffraud,coercion,orexploitationoftheotherparty’sunfavorableposition,theinjuredpartyshallhavetherighttorequestthepeople’scourtoranarbitrationinstitutiontomodifyorrevokeit.Whereapartyrequestsformodification,thepeople’scourtorthearbitrationinstitutionmaynotrevokethecontract.英美法系和大陆法系合同有效的必备要素：thecivillaw:similartothecommonlawexceptforthelegallysufficientconsideration.Chinalaw:similartothecivillawCISG:onlygoverningtheformationofacontractandtherightsandobligationsoftheparties,otherissuesarelefttonationallaws.什么是根本违约，后果是？什么样的违约行为引发什么责任风险转移条款(1)Ifthesellerisnotboundtohandthegoodsoverataparticularplace,theriskpassestothebuyerwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier(2)Ifthesellerisboundtohandthegoodsovertoacarrierataparticularplace,theriskdoesnotpasstothebuyeruntilthegoodsarehandedovertothecarrieratthatplace.(3)otherwise,theriskpassestothebuyerwhenhetakesoverthegoodsor,ifhedoesnotdosoinduetime,fromthetimewhenthegoodsareplacedathisdisposalandhecommitsabreachofcontractbyfailingtotakedelivery.代理法（各个代理的意思）大陆：委托代理、议定代理和法定代理英美：1.明示代理：ExpressA...