新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册Unit5A课文翻译 VIP免费

Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?你想做工作者还是劳役者？Tobetrulyhappy,apersonmustfeelbothfreeandimportant.Peopleareneverhappyiftheyfeelcompelledbysocietytodoworktheydonotenjoy,orifwhattheydoenjoyisignoredbysocietyashavingnovalueorimportance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesocialindicationsaroundwork,thevalueofworkandthesalary,havedegradedmanylaborersintomodernslaves-"wageslaves".一个人要想真正快乐，必须觉得自己既自由又重要。如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作，或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视，那他绝不会快乐。在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里，工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水，已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶——“薪奴”。Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffectonthem,yettheyfeelcompelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay.Whenweplayagame,weenjoywhatwearedoing,butitisapurelyprivatepastime;societydoesnotcarewhenorwhetherweplay.如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响，但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作，那么他们就被认为是劳役者。劳役的对立面是玩乐。当我们玩游戏时，我们很享受正在做的事情，但这仅仅是个人娱乐。社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Peoplearelabeledasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestscoincidewiththejobssocietypaysthemtodo;whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividual'spersonalpointofview.Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem;agardenercoveredindirtinagreenhousemaybeaworkerwhileawell-dressedcitymayormayprovetobeanunhappylaborer!处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合，他们就被称为工作者。社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身，而是承担这份活的个人感受。比如，二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者，而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者！People'sattitudetowardtheirworkdetermineseverything.Toworkers,leisuremeanssimplythehourstheyneedtorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Workersarethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisureratherthantoomuch.Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfromcompulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhavetospendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。对工作者而言，闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。因此，工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作，而花在休闲上的时间并非很多，而是很少。而对劳役者而言，休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。因此，他们自然会想，花在劳作上的时间越少，自在玩乐的时间越多，则越好。Besidesthemerehoursspentinleisure,workersandlaborersdifferintheamountofpersonalsatisfactiontheyderivefromtheirjobs.Workerswhoenjoytheirjobswillbehappier,lessstressed,andgenerallymoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.Ontheotherhand,laborers,whosesoleincentiveisearningtheirlivelihood,feelthatthetimetheyspendonthedailygrindiswastedanddoesn'tcontributetotheirhappiness.Instead...