直接引语(TheDirectSpeech)与间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如:Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."→Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if引导。例如:Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意:大多数情况下,if和whether可以互换,但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如:Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如:Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."→Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,"Don'tlaugh."→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.5.一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如:Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如:Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."→Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"→HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.直接引语(TheDirectSpeech)与间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)的错误在英语里,我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语(TheDirectSpeech);第二种是间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech),也可叫“TheReportedSpeech”)。从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变,不影响原意。例如:①a.Hesaid,"Iamworkingnow."b.Hesaidthathewasworkingthen.②a.Sheaskedme,"Doyouliketosing?"b.SheaskedmeifIlikedtosing.③a."Goout!"themansaidtotheboy.b.Themanorderedtheboytogoout.①b,②b,③b是间接引语,其形式和①a,②a,③a不同。间接引语是种常见的句法,用得很多。正因为用得多,出错的机会也多。下面便是些例子:④Hesaidthathewouldcometomorrow.这里的副词“tomorrow”要变成“thenextday”。理由是:间接引语里的时间副词或短语,一般上要把其中的时间向前推,如:tomorrow:thenextday;today:thatday;lastnight:thenightbefore;now:then;ago:beforethattime等。⑤Iaskedwhatiswrongwithhim.这里的“is”要变成“was”。须知:主句“Iasked”和分句“whatiswrongwithhim”的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词“asked”是过去时态,分句的动词也要过去时态“was”。此外,动词时态一般上也要推前,因此简单过去时态(SimplePastTense)要变成过去完成时态(PastPerfectTense),如:went:hadgone;left:hadleft.⑥Johntoldherdon'tdothatagain.这里的“don'tdo”要变成“nottodo”才对。理由是:祈使句变成间接引语时的形式是不定式动词:“to+verb/notto+verb”,如:tocome/nottocome;todo/nottodo.⑦SheaskedmewherewasIgoing.这里的“wasI”词序不对,要变成“Iwas...