1初中英语语法一句子结构第一讲、夯实基础,掌握句子结构。我们的目标是:坚决不写畸形句子!!!!!!!!!!!第一种句子成分——主语是句子所叙述的主体,是发出动作的事物!或者表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当。Harrypotteristheherointhisbook.Weoftenspeakenglishinclass.Playingbasketballisinteresting.试着找出下列句子的主语Heistall.Heworkshard.Ibelievehim.Ibelievethatheishonest.TolearnEnglishisimportant.Swimmingisasportheenjoys.Thathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworldisknownto2everyoneinourclass.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代,叫形式主语,真实主语在句中都后移,如:ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.Itisknowntoeveryoneinourclassthathehasbeentomanypartsoftheworld1第二种句子成分——谓语“做什么(动作)”“是什么东西”“怎么样(特性)”。总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致!Isawyourbrotheryesterday.Pleaselookafterthetwins.David`shobbyiswritting.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.快来找找下列句子的谓语:Mymomisweavingasweater.Thelittleboyiscryingforhisdog.Shelookssoamazing.Iamsohappyforyou.Youarenotmycupoftea.特别友情提示:用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致Ilikehomework.3Shelikestheboynextclassroom.Ultramanbeatslittlemonters.Iamacuteboy.Sheisbeautiful.Herchildrenarenaughtylikemonkeys.第三种句子成分——宾语位于及物动词之后,表示动作的对象,承受者或结果。主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当。HedidhisEnglishhomework.(名词作宾语)Theworkersarebuildingthebridge.(名词作宾语)Ienjoysharingmyworkexperience.(动词ing形式作宾语)2Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)Shesaidshefeltsick.(从句作宾语)Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)Helikesplayingbasketball.(动名词V-ing作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)能不能分辨出下面句子的宾语呢?Theboyswerewatchingtheworldcupmatch.Canyoufeelthepoweroflove?4Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shewantedabarbietoysomuchwhenshewasyoung.ZhangYimoumadealovemovie.第四种句子成分——表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。Iamateacher.Sheisbeautiful.Thissongsoundsgood.Leavesturnedgreen.找出下面句子的表语Thisflowerisbeautiful.Ifeltverytired.Youlookworried.Ittastesdelicious.Iamfine.Heisaboy.Fiveplustwoisseven.3Wearehere.Heisnotathome.Myhobbyisreading.5第一大类句子结构:功能:不表示具体动作,表示主语的特点或者性质特征,所以也叫主语补足语。1.主语+系动词+表语(SVP)+【状语】be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“⋯是⋯”,“⋯变成⋯”,或者“是什么样”等意思。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。Iamateacher.Hebecomeascientist.Mysisterisoutnow.Theyarehonest.在英语中,除了be动词和become属于系动词外,还有一些行为动词,当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括:五五sound(耳)听起来taste(口)尝起来6smell(鼻)闻起来feel(手)摸起来Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.Thelijiangriverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.Dinnersmellsgood.Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.Thecaketastesdelicious.第五种句子成分——状语,可位于句首、句末或句中,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示动作,行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。HespeaksEnglishverywell.(表程度)Heisplayingunderthetree.(表地点)Icometoseeyou.(表目的)4Tenyearsago,ShebegantoliveinDalian.(表时间,地点)Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.(表原因)IfIamnotb...