Module4Module4GrammarInfinitive1.不定式的用法2.不定式的时态与语态1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.1.作主语1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.2.作表语当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.3.作宾语agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.当句子中的主动词为do时,but,except后的动词不定式省去to;can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.2.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.3.Hecan’tchoosebutdoit.4.There’snothingtodoexcept/butwaittillitstopsraining.4.作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等动词后常接tobe+adj.作宾补。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04sh)A.causingB.beingC.tobecausedD.tohavecausedC.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。1.Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?2.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.3.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时,不加to,help后可加可不加.1.Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.2.Havehimcomein,please.3.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.5.作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语1.Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.2.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.3.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.6.作后置定语1.Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)2.Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系)3.Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系)不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.7.作目的状语，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.8.作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构1.疑问词+不定式的复合结构1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.主语表语Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.宾语宾语补足语2.带有逻辑主语的结构1.It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.2.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.3.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.主语主语定语此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语Itis+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.todoItisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youare...
