现在分词现在分词形式形式过去分词过去分词形式形式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定语）1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.2.作用---相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.（表示正在进行）II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.常见的这类此有：interesting—interestedencouraging—encourageddelighting—delighteddisappointing—disappointedpleasing—pleasedpuzzling—puzzledsatisfying—satisfiedsurprising—surprisedworrying--worriedIII.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.4.在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.e.g.2.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(IfIam)givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if等等.4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere...
