Unit9初级英语与语法与修辞EnglishGrammarandRhetoric•ContentsBacktoschool☺Lead-in☺Homework☺LookingAhead☺ApproachingtheTopic☺DiscoveringGrammar☺ApplyingGrammar☺FurtherDevelopment☺SynecdocheBacktoschool•Lead-in•BrazilhaswontheWorldCupagain!–Howisthesubject-verbagreementachievedandwhatdoesthespeakermeanbythetermBrazilinthesentence?LookingAhead•Knowthethreeprinciplesgoverningsubject-verbagreement.•Learntokeepagreementinnumberbetweenthesubjectandthepredicateverb.•Learntousesynecdochetosubstituteapartforawholeandviceversa.1.PleasefillintheblankswithproperformsoftobetocompletethesentenceBacktoschool•ApproachingtheTopicisisisisareareareare•Myhomeisnotfarfromtheschool.Tenminutes___enough.•Smoking___badtoourhealth.•Thepolice___wantingtherobber.•There___apairofglasses,twopensandsomebooksonthedesk.•Readthepassageonpage77andpayattentiontothesubject-verbagreementinnumber.Backtoschool•Theverbsinthepassageare:keepsisisreceivesaremeansaremeansarewerepassedwasspeaksintroducebringisisremainBacktoschoolthreeprinciplesgoverningsubject-verbagreement.grammaticalagreementTheverbmustmatchitssubjectinnumber.meaningagreementTheverbmustagreewiththesubjectinmeaningnotinform.PrincipleofproximityTheverbmustagreewiththenearestnounornounphraseinthesubject.DiscoveringGrammar语法一致原则•主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。E.g.•Booksarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumanefforts.•Bookisbyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumanefforts.意义一致原则•主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。E.g.•Whatwasthensaidandthoughtstillspeakstousasvividlyaseverfromtheprintedpages.•Theclassarepreparingforthepresentation.就近一致原则•谓语动词的单﹑复数取决于离它最近的主语。由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso，whether…or,therebe句型和倒装句等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。E.g.•Notonlyfriendsbutalsoagoodbookkeepsuscompanyinourlife.•Thereisateacherandfiftystudentsintheclassroom.主谓一致的具体原则1、当-ing分词、不定式和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（所以三组句子中的A都是对的，B都是错的）2、当主语部分是用and或both…and连接而且指代的是两个或两个以上人或物时，谓语用复数；但当and或both…and连接的主语指代的是一个人或物时，就用单数谓语动词。e.g.•Breadandbutterispopularwiththeyoung.•Myteacherandmotherisverykind.•Jackandtom’sfatherisanengineer.•Aworkerandwriterisalsogoingtobeinvited.•注：1.当主语后面带有with,aswellas,together,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,except,but,including,ratherthan等介词短语时，谓语应该和这些介词前的主语保持一致，不考虑介词后的内容和意思。2.and连接的两个主语都受到each,every,no的修饰时,谓语用单数形式。e.g.Everygirlandeveryboyisbeautifullydressed.3.当主语是分数（包括百分数）加of,mostof,therestof,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aquantityofalargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof等短语时，谓语动词的数应该与of后面的名词短语保持一致，即：如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语用单数；如果名词是复数名词，谓语就用复数。E.g.Onefifthofthestudentsarefromthecountryside.Answers：1.is2.seems3.is4.are5.was4.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、金额、价格等的复数名词当被看做一个整体时，用单数谓语动词。但如果强调复数意义时，用复数谓语动词。⑴当主语是either(of),neither(of),each(of),neither(of),somebody,anything,everyone,everything,something,someone,noone,nothing,nobody时，谓语动词用单数形式。⑵当主语是both(of),some(of),many(of),few(of),all(of)等...
