IntroductiontoNeurologyEnglishcourseware•Thebasicstructureofthe•Neurologicaldisorders目录•Preventionofneurologicaldiseases01ThebasicstructureofthenervoussystemNeuronNeuronsarethebasicfunctionalunitsofthenervoussystemTheyarespecializedcellsthatprocessandtransitinformationthroughelectricalandchemicalsignalsNeuronshaveacellbody,dents,andanaxonTheaxisisthelongprojectionthattransferselectricalimpulsestoothernervesoreffectorganizationsSynapseAsynapseisthegapbetweentheaxonofoneneuronandthedentesorcellbodyofanotherneuronItisaspecializedstructurethatallowscommunicationbetweenneuronsAtthesynapse,theTheneurotransmitterreleasedbytheaxondiffusesacrosstheelectricalimpulsetransmittedbytheaxisisconvertedintoachemicalsignalthatisreceivedbythedentesorcellbodyofthenextneuronsynapticclearandbinstoreceiversonthenextneuron,initiatinganewelectricalimpulseNeurologicalcells01020304Astrocytesregulatetheflowofnutrientsandionsinthebrain,whileNeurologicalcellsarenonneuronalcellsthatsupportandprotectneuronsTheyprovidephysicalsupport,insulation,andnutrientstoneuronsAstrocytesandmicrogliaaretwotypesofmicrogliaphagocytosedebrisandparticleinimmuneresponsesneurologicalcells02ThefunctionofthenervoussystemFeelSensationandperceptionThenervoussystemprocessesinformationfromtheenvironmentandinternalorganizations,allowingustosenseandperceivetemperature,touch,paint,vibration,andotherstimuliTasteandsmallThenervoussystemalsoprocessesinformationfromTasteBudsandOlfactoryreceivers,allowingustodetectandapprovetheflamesandodorsoffoodandothersubstancesMotionMotorcontrolThenervoussystemcoordinatesthecontractofmusclestoproductmovement,allowingustomoveourbodiesinacoordinatedandpurposefulmannerReflexesThenervoussystemalsorespondsquicklytohiddenchangesintheenvironment,suchasahiddenpaintorahotsurface,byautomaticallydrawingtheaffectedbodyparttoprotectitfromharmAutonomousnervoussystemHomeostasisTheautonomousnervoussystemregulatestheinternalenvironmentofthebody,maintaininghomeostasisbycontrollingheartrate,bloodpressure,aspiration,digestion,andothervitalfunctionsEmotionalresponseTheautonomousnervoussystemalsomediatesouremotionalresponses,suchasthe"rightorflight"responsetodangerortherelaxationresponsetorestandrelaxationCognitiveandemotionalLearningandmemoryThenervoussystemprocessesinformationandstoresmemories,allowingustolearnnewskills,rememberpastevents,andmakedecisionsbasedonpastexperiencesArousalandconsciousnessThenervoussystemmaintainsourlevelofarousalandconsciousness,keepingusawakeandawareofoursurroundingatalltimes03NeurologicaldisordersCerebralApoplexyCerebralApoplexyreferstoarecentonsetoffocalorglobalcerebralischemia,resultingincorrespondingneurologicaldefectsItisthemostcommontypeofstrokes,accountingforabout80%ofallstrokesCerebrolApoplexyisoftencausedbyastrolysis,thrombosis,electromagnetism,andotherreasons,leadingtoblockageofbloodflowinthebrainThemainsymbolsofcerebralApoplexyincludeincludedadditionalonsetofheadache,invoicing,hemiplegia,andothersymbolsParkinson'sdisease01020304Parkinson'sdiseaseisachronicneurogenicThemainsymptomsofParkinson'sdiseaseincludesymptoms,musclestiffness,slowmovement,andbalanceproblemsThereasonofParkinson'sdiseaseisnotfullyThetreatmentofParkinson'sdiseasemainlyincludesdrugtherapyandsurgicaltherapydiseasethatmainlyunderstood,butitisgenerallybelievedtoberelatedtogeneticandenvironmentalfactorsaffect...
