浅析国际贸易实务英文版VIP免费

Chapter2Marketsegmentation1定义;MarketSegmentationisdefinedas:“Theprocessofdividingamarketintodistinctsubsetsofconsumerswithcommonneedsandselectingoneormoresegmentstotargetwithadistinctmarketingstrategy”.2Progressionofmarketsegmentation:massmarket,targetingkeymarketsegments,micromarketing.（填空）3Possiblegeographicsegmentationbases,5aspects:region,housingdensity,location,state,climate（选择）4Possibledemographicsegmentationbases,5aspects:Age,MaritalStatus,Occupation,Income,Education（选择）Definition2:AgecohortsarebornduringthesameperiodandtravelthroughlifetogetherChapter3Consumerneedsandmotivation1定义:Motivationisdefinedas:“Thedrivingforcewithinindividualsthatimpelsthemtoaction.Thisdrivingforceisproducedbyastateoftensionthatexistsastheresultofanunfulfilledneed”2定义CognitiveProcess:Apartofanattitudemodelthatrepresentstheknowledge,perceptionandbeliefsthataconsumerhaswithrespecttoanideaorobject3Twobroadtypesofneedsare:(哪种形式)-Innateorbiogenicneedsaretheprimaryneedsinordertosustainlife,suchasfoodorwaterandshelter-Acquiredorpsychogenicneedsaresecondaryneedswelearninresponsetoourculture,suchasprestige,affectionandlearningChapter11theinfluenceofcultureonconsumerbehavior1定义Cultureisdefinedas:“Thesumtotaloflearnedbeliefs,valuesandcustomsthatservetodirecttheconsumerbehaviorofmembersofaparticularsociety.”2定义Enculturation(文化兼并)thelearningofone’sowncultureisknownasenculturation.3定义acculturation(文化渗入)thelearningofaneworforeigncultureisknownasacculturation.4定义Ritual(宗教仪式)AritualisatypeofsymbolicactivityconsistingofaseriesofstepsoccurringinafixedsequenceandrepeatedovertimeChapter1Introduction•1Broadaspectsoffinance3个:(选择)–Corporatefinance,financialinstitutionsandmarkets,Investments.2BusinessStructures:Soleproprietorship,Partnership,Company•3Nominalandrealrates:–Thecostofanassetexpressedasthenumberofdollarspaidtoacquiretheassetisthenominalprice.–However,thepurchasingpowerofmoneychangesbecauseofinflationanddeflation.–Therefore,itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthenominalorfacevalueofmoneyandtherealorinflation-adjustedvalueofmoney.Chapter3theTimeValueofMoney:AnExample3.7:Calculatetheeffectiveannualinterestratescorrespondingto12%p.a.,compounding:(a)Semi-annually22110.12111.0610.1236(12.36%)2mjimIntroductiontoFinancialMathematics1FundamentalConceptCashflows—fundamentaltofinance,thefundsthatflowbetweenpartieseithernoworinthefutureasaconsequenceofafinancialcontract.Cashinflowandcashoutflow2Theeffectiveinterestratecanbecalculatedas:年利率向别的利率转换公式(季利率,月利率,日利率)•(b)Quarterly=0.125509(12.55%)(c)Monthly=0.126825(12.68%)(d)Daily=0.127475(12.7475%)3Therealinterestrate(i*)canbefoundasfollows:假利率向真利率转换此公式可用于任何形式的真假转换4定义Annuities(还贷)Anannuityisastreamofequalcashflows(主要是cashoutflow),equallyspacedintime.Weconsiderfourtypesofannuities:Ordinaryannuity.Annuitydue.Deferredannuity.Ordinaryperpetuity.Presentvalue(PV)ofanordinaryannuity(还贷公式)•借钱公式Chapter5ProjectEvaluation:PrinciplesandMethods1ThestandardNPVformulaisgivenby(评估一个项目是否挣钱,与0相比,如果结果大于0就可投资,相反就不可投资.)公式为Example5.1:–Investmentof$9000.–Netcashflowsof$5090,$4500and$4000attheendofyears1,2and3respectively.–Assumerequiredrateofreturnis10%p.a.–WhatistheNPVoftheproject?–Thus,u...