Module6WhyDoWeNeedDictionaries?PartOne:TeachingDesign第一部分:教学设计Period2:GrammarandusageStep1:Generalintroduction.1.theusageofbyWarmingupbygivingordersTurntopage77part1,readtheexplanationsandwecangetsomeusageofby.Nowlet’slearnmoreaboutit.Summaryabouttheusageofbyby为介词,表示方式、方法、手法。1)by+n.(名词前无冠词)bymail/post/radio/telephone/telegraph/telegram…2)by+doing结构Heearnshislivingbyteaching.3)by+n.(表示交通路线、工具的名词)byland/road/train/bus/jeep/bikebysea/water/ship/boatbyair/plane4)by+n..(表示面积、体积等的名词)byarea/volume/weight/length/width/height/depth5)bythe+n.(表示度量衡的名词)bythehour/day/week/month/year/kilogram/yard/meter…InEngland,sugarissoldbythepound,eggsbythedozenandclothbytheyard.在英国,糖按磅卖,蛋按打卖,布按码卖。2.主谓一致用法归纳●语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词形式的单复数。例如:Astudentiswaitingforyouinyouroffice.一名学生正你办公室等你。Twostudentsarewaitingforyouinyouroffice.(2004浙江)改错Startingyourcollectionofstampsareeasybecausetheyareeverywhere.(Key:is)…youwillprobablywanttojointheStampCollectors’Clubwhichexisttoaddmorestampstoyourcollection.(Key:exists)●意义一致原则用心爱心专心116号编辑1)集合名词作主语,强调整体时用单数;强调各个成员时用复数。常见集合名词中,谓语动词只能用复数的有:police,people,public,cattle,population。根据表达的实际意义来确定的有:family,class,team,group等。例如:Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderereverywhere.警方正在到处寻找杀人犯。Myfamilyisabigandhappyone.我家是一个幸福的大家庭。HisfamilyareallsittingonthesofawatchingTV.他全家都正坐在沙发上看电视。2)all,some,half,most,therest,what从句等作主语时,谓语动词需根据实际表达的意义。例如:Iknowthatallaregettingalongwellwiththenewcomer.我知道新来者一切进展顺利。Allhasbeendonetopreventhimfromsmoking.已想尽办法不让他吸烟。Whatwereallyneedismoretime.(与表语一致)其实我们所需要的是更多的时间。Whattheyreallyneedaredoctors.(与表语一致)其实我们所需要的是医生。3)-s/-ics结尾的学科名称及news,works做主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:Thenewswasveryexciting.这条消息非常激动人心。Mathematicsisofgreatimportancetomiddleschoolstudents.数学对中学生来说非常重要。4)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中做主语时,谓语动词用复数;表示一类物时,谓语动词用单数,例如:Theoldaretakengoodcareofinoursociety.老年人在我们的社会中会受到很好的照顾。Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.好看的不一定实用。5)and,both…and…连接的主语,谓语动词用复数,但由and连接的主语表示同一个人同一件物、同一个概念时,谓语动词须用单数形式,例如:Thesecretaryandmanagerwaspresentatthemeeting.书记兼经理出席了会议。Thesecretaryandthemanagerwerepresentatthemeeting.书记和经理都出席了会议。6)两个单数名词各自或前面一个受到every,each,no,manya修饰时,谓语动词须用数形式。例如:Everyboyandeverygirlknowsthateachdayandeachhourbringitsduty.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都清楚自己每时每刻的责任。AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍聪明孩子也变傻。7)oneof+复数名词作先行词,在定语从句中充当主语时,谓语动词用复数;theonlyone复数名词作先行词,在定语从句中充当主语时,谓语动词则须用单数。例如:HeistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohastakenpartintheInternationalOlympicMathematicsContest.他是我们学校唯一参加过国际奥林匹克数学竞赛的学生。HeisoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohavetakenpartintheInternationalOlympicMathematicsContest.他用心爱心专心116号编辑是我们学校参加过国际奥林匹克数学竞赛的学生之一。8)做主语...