Unit1Advertising●WordpowerWe’lllearninthissectionsomecommonsuffixesthatcanbeaddedtonounsorverbstocreateadjectives.Andalsosomevocabularyrelatedtosalesandmarketing.Step1:Brainstorming1.Pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Howarethefollowingwordsformed?health(noun)healthy(adjective)interest(verb)interesting(adjective)AnEnglishwordcanhaveseveralderivatives.AndpleasepayattentiontothefactthatmanyEnglishwordssharethesamerootword,eventhoughtheyhavedifferentmeaningsorpartsofspeech.Nowhere’smoreexampleforyoutobetterunderstandwordformation.breath(n.)breathe(v.)breathless(adj.)act(v.)action(n.)actor(n.)actress(n.)activity(n.)possible(adj.)impossible(adj.)possibility(n.)possibly(adv.)friend(n.),friendly(adj.),friendless(adj.),friendship(n.),unfriendly(adj.)Asyoucansee,manywordsarederivedbyaddingsuffixesorprefixestotherootwords.Oftenyoumaycomeacrossunfamiliarwordswhilereading,trytouseknowledgeofwordformationtoguesstheirmeanings.Willyou?Andcanyougivemoreexamplesaboutwordformation?2.Shallwehaveacompetitiontoseewhocangivemoreexamplesorcreatemorewordsbyaddingsuffixesorprefixestotherootwords?3.Asweknow,sometimesanEnglishwordcanbemadeupofthreeparts:aprefix,astemandasuffix.Astemisthemainpartofaword.Aprefixisagroupoflettersaddedtothebeginningofaword.Asuffixisagroupoflettersplacedattheendofaword.Bothprefixesandsuffixesmodifythemeaningofawordorchangeitintoadifferentwordgroup.Thefollowingisatableofcommonprefixes:PrefixMeaningExamples(adjectives)un-Notunfair,unnecessary,unimportant,unhappyin-Notincorrect,invisible,incurable,inaccuratedis-showingoppositedisable,dishonest,disagree,disappear,discoverre-doagainrewrite,redo,rebuild,react,retell,recreatemis-badlyorwronglymisunderstand,misdirect,mistake,misuseStep2:LearningaboutWordformationThebasicpartofanywordistheroot;toit,youcanaddaprefixatthebeginningand/orasuffixattheendtochangethemeaning.Forexample,intheword"unflattering,"therootissimply"flatter,"用心爱心专心whiletheprefix"un-"makesthewordnegative,andthesuffix"-ing"changesitfromaverbintoanadjective(specifically,aparticiple).Englishitselfdoesnotuseprefixesasheavilyasitoncedid,butmanyEnglishwordscomefromLatin,whichusesprefixesandsuffixes(youcanusethewordaffixtorefereithertoaprefixorasuffix)quiteextensively.Forexample,thewords"prefix,""suffix,"and"affix"themselvesareallformedfrom"fix"bytheuseofprefixes:"ad"(to)+"fix"(attached)="affix""pre"(before)+"fix"="prefix""sub"(under)+"fix"="suffix"Notethatboththe"-d"of"ad"andthe"-b"of"sub"changethelastletter.HerearesomeofthemostcommonLatinprefixes(forthemeaningsoftheLatinroots,lookupthewordsinagooddictionary):ab(away)abrupt,absent,absolvead(to)adverb,advertisement,afflictin(not)incapable,indecisive,intolerableinter(between,among)intercept,interdependent,interprovincialintra(within)intramural,intrapersonal,intraprovincialpre(before)prefabricate,prefacepreferpost(after)postpone,postscript,postwarsub(under)submarine,subscription,suspecttrans(across)transfer,transit,translateStep3:ReadyusedmaterialsforWordformation用心爱心专心AffixesMorphemesaddedtofreeformstomakeotherfreeformsarecalledaffixes.Therearethreeprinciplekindsofaffixes:1.prefixes(atbeginning)—"un-"in"unable"2.suffixes(atend)—"-ed"in"walked"3.circumfixes(atbothends)—"en--en"in"enlighten"(Thesealwaysseemtoconsistofotherwiseattestedindependentprefixesandsuffixes.)用心爱心专心ARuleforFormings...
