省略Ellipsis•人们在交流时,尤其在口语中,常常把一个或几个句子的成分省略掉,这种现象称为省略,ellipse,这种句子叫做省略句ellipticalsentences。•句子成分的省略•复合句的省略•并列句的省略•肯定和否定结构的省略•不定式的省略省略的常见的句子环境一、句子成分的省略•1.省略主语。如:Haven'tseenyouforages!好久不见了!•2.省略谓语。如:(Isthere)Anythingyouwant?你要什么东西吗?(Does)Anybodyneedhelp?有人要帮忙吗?•3.省略宾语。如:Idon‘tknow(whereheis).我不知道。•4.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分),只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如:(I'm)AfraidIcan'tcome.恐怕我不能来了。(Haveyou)Gotanyink?你有墨水吗?•【高考链接】-It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.-_________herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit•解析:本题考察省略结构,这里whynotvisit=Whydidn’tyouvisit。A二、复合句的省略•状语从句的省略•限制性定语从句的省略•宾语从句的省略•1.状语从句内的省略•在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。•when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;•if,unless引导的条件状语从句;•though,although,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句;•asthough,asif,as引导的方式状语从句;•because引导的原因状语从句;•wherever引导的地点状语从句,Sentences•When(shewas)asked,shedidn’tansweraword.•Watercanbechangedintovaporif(itis)heated.•When(youare)working,youmustpayattention.•Wemaytryagainif(itis)necessary.•Weallknowthat,________,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith•解析:本题考查状语从句的省略问题,即根据本句完整句子应该补充为:if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,当然,现在的语言中,已经把这种省略形式固定化了即:ifnot.B2.限制性定语从句中的省略•作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;e.g.there'sonepointwemustinsiston.•在以thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;e.g.Shegavethesameansweras(shehadgiven)before?•theway后面的定语从句中:若先行词way充当从句的方式状语,也可以省略其关系词。e.g.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.e.g.Doyouknowthewayherespondedtome?!•非正式语体中,关系副词why也可以省略。e.g.Tellmethereasonyoudislikeit.•3.宾语从句的省略。Tomhasgonehome,butIdon'tknowwhy(hehasgonehome).Iheard(that)hehadgoneabroad.•【高考链接】Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where•解析:Havingchecked跟随两个并列的宾语从句,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句可以省略第一个that,第二个that一般不能省。BHeclaimedthathewasrightandthathewouldneverapologizetothebossoftheclub.•并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句•可以省略第一个that,第二个that一般不能省。【高考链接】Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_that___allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:HeteachesEnglishandhisbrothermath.Wehavebeenwaitingforhertocomebacktoseeus,but(wehavebeenwaiting)invain.•【高考链接】Hehasmadealotoffilms,but____goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many•解析:but连接的并列句子进行了省略:butfewgoodones=buthemadefewgoodones.三、并列句的省略CSo/Nor/Neither+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念,即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物,意思是“同样(不)”、“也(不)那样”,如:Theboydiedandaweeklater.Sodidhissister.I’m...