定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句及相关概念•定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明主句中的某一名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常定语从句所修饰的词语被称为“先行词”，引导定语从句的关联词分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；常见的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，连接定语从句和主句，同时身兼两职，既指代其先行词，又在其后的定语从句中充当从句的某个成分。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.定语从句TherearefiveboyswhowillplaytheTherearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.game.主句主句定语从句定语从句先行词先行词引导词或关系词引导词或关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词找出下列定语从句中的先行词及关系代词•Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?•YoumustdoeverythingthatIcando.•TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.•ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinterseting.•Iknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor.关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语关系代词用法一览表Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.Themanisaworker.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thebookisveryinteresting.Iborrowedthebookyesterday.ThebookwhichIborrowedyesterdayisveryinteresting.Thelittleboyandhisdogliveinthesameneighborhoodwithus.Yousawthelittleboyandhisdogjustnow.Thelittleboyandhisdogthatyousawjustnowliveinthesameneighborhoodwithus.Danyangisnotasmallplace.(now)Danyangusedtobeasmallplace.Dangyangisnotasmallplacethatitusedtobe.Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisadoctor.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisadoctor.Iliveinthatroomwhosewindowopenssouth.Iliveinthatroom.Itswindowopenssouth.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.I’vereadeverybookthatisborrowedfromthelibrary.(1)先行词为all,none,everything,nothing,anything,few,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,both,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatareaboutthismatter.先行词指物时一般关系代词that和which可以互换。但在下列情况下，关系代词一般用that不用which：Dothebestthatyoucando.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Heisthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.ItisthefirstletterthatIhavewritteninFrench.(5)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,theright修饰时Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(6)先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthattheyremembered.(7)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobe.(8)当主句是以which/who的特殊疑问句时。Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?Whoistheboythatisstandingbythedoor?(9)如果一个句子有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个用that,以避免重复。Lastyear,hevisitedafactorywhichproducedtoysthatsoldwell.先行词指人时其关系代词可用who,whom,也可用that。但在下列情况下多用或需用who(1)先行词是all,anyone,one,ones,those,people时多用who。TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.(2)当主句以therebe（存在句）形式出现时。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseethemanager.(4)当先行词与定语从句之间有较长或较为复杂的成分分隔时。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.(3)如果复合句中有两个或更多的定语从句时，其中第一个从句已用了that，其他的定语从句一般用who引导，以避免重复。ThestudentthatIlikeistheonewhoisbothdiligentandhonest.注意！1.关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略。2.whose后面一般要加名词。3.在关系代词引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词充...
