构词法(已打印)

构词法 第 1 页 共 6 页 一、概说 英语主要有三种构词法： 1）转化（Conversion）：由一个词类转化为另一词类。 water（名）水 — water（动）浇水 2）合成（Compounding）：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。 wood（木）+ cut（刻）— woodcut（木刻） 3）派生（Derivation）：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 happy — unhappy（加前缀） 二、转化 词性的转化。有时意思没有太大变化： 这类名词常可和一动词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： have a look (chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, smoke, lie, read, dream, run, fight, walk, ride, drink, laugh, dance, bathe, wish, win, fear, love, shave, debate, dispute, interview, taste, etc.) make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, search, stay, start, answer, reply, remark, fight, arrest, appeal, purchase, sacrifice, demand, show, deal, an attempt, an attack, an advance, etc.) 有时意思有一定的变化： He was about the same build as his brother. 他的体形和他哥哥差不多。 Last year’s catch was four times that of 1986. 去年的捕鱼量为 1986 年的四倍。 This was a decisive move. 这是一个决定性的步骤。 They can be used as stock feed. 它们可以用作牲口饲料。 Women have an equal say in everything. 妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。 He won two games; the other two were draws. 他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。 三、合成 I. N. + N + -ed: eagle-eyed: having very good eyesight (fig.) He is an eagle-eyed teacher, who sees the smallest mistake. tree-lined street 2. N + -ing: English-speaking people insect-eating bird law-abiding man peace-loving country time-saving travel time-wasting meeting water-purifying device 3. N. + Adj. care-free color-blind duty-free 免税的 grass-green ice-cold knee-deep life-long nation-wide paper-thin seasick snow-white world-wide 4. Adv. + -ed: well-trained footballer 5. N + N: manpower framework passport nightmare pigt...