Module 2 Fantasy Literature – Philip PullmanSection Ⅱ Grammar——动词ing 形式作状语[语法图解][课文原句感知]①Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously.②When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating.③While sitting by a pool, Ferdinand sees a frog.④Before leaving his kingdom, he calls his son to him.⑤Not knowing her address, I can't write to her to express my gratitude.⑥Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.[语法领悟](1)六个例句中的动词ing 形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。(2)由例句⑤可知，动词ing 形式的否定式是在ing 形式前面加 not。(3)在例句③中，动词ing 形式短语前用 while，为了强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生；在例句④中，动词ing 形式短语前用 before，为了强调在谓语动词的动作之前发生。(4)由例句⑥可知，动词ing 形式的完成式为 having_done。一、基本用法动词ing 形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一个动作(即动词ing 形式与主语在逻辑上存在主动关系)，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，它可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句或 and 引导的并列句。1．作时间状语。通常放在句首，有时在句中或句末，相当于 when 或 while 等引导的时间状语从句。Putting on his clothes (After he put on his clothes), Bill went out in a hurry.穿上衣服后，比尔匆忙离开了。2．作原因状语。通常放在句首，相当于 as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。Being ill (As he was ill), he could not walk any further.因为生病，他不能再往前走了。3．作条件状语。可以在句首也可在句末，相当于 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句。Heating water, we can change it into vapor.把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸气。4．作让步状语。多放在句首，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。Living away miles, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍坚持上...
