“过去分词”一定表被动吗?有网友问,经常见到以下类似的句子:Faced with so many problems, they never gave up.面对如此多的问题,他们从未放弃。We found John seated in a chair, writing a letter. 我们发现约翰坐在椅子上,正在写信。请问:黑体部分表达的意思并无被动含义,但为何使用了过去分词?英语语法有一条规则:就是“现在分词表主动;过去分词表被动”,这已经是大家公认的规则了。然而,任何事物都有其特殊的现象和内在规律,英语亦然。在有些情况下,英语 过去分词无论作状语、作宾补还是作定语,并不表示被动,而是主动。例如:Faced with so many problems, they never gave up.面对如此多的问题,他们从未放弃。We found John seated in a chair, writing a letter. 我们发现约翰坐在椅子上,正在写信。The woman dressed in red clothes was his aunt. 这个穿红色衣服的女人是他的姨妈。语法书上讲“过去分词表被动”,但这却是“过去分词表主动”,或者说“被动语态表主动”。这是一个很有意思的问题,英语中确实存在这种现象,应该是有一定规律可循的。下面对此作一分析归纳。(一)首先,这种现象的本质之一,缘于反身代词的用法。主语和宾语为同一个人,主语是动作的发出者,又是动作的接受者,这就出现了被动语态或过去分词都表示“主动”含义的语言现象。常见的这类用法归纳如下: abandon yourself to 沉湎于=be abandoned toabsorb oneself in 专心于=be absorbed indress oneself in 穿衣= be dressed inseat oneself in/on 坐在=be seated in/on face oneself with 面对=be faced withaddict oneself to 沉迷于=be addicted toaccustom oneself to 习惯于=be accustomed todevote oneself to 献身于=be devoted tohide oneself 藏起来=be hiddenlose oneself in 迷失于=be lost insettle oneself in 定居于=be settled inprepare oneself for 为做准备=be prepared forrecover oneself from 从病中中痊愈= be recovered from例如:Absorbed in the newspaper, he didn’t hear the bell. 他专心读报,连门铃也没听见。 Fully recovered from his operation, he decided to leave the hospital.从他的手术完全恢复后,他决定离开医院。(二)英语中有一种“使令性动词”...