2009 届高三英语语法复习教案之分词（带 07-08 年高考真题）【基本概念】1.对英语动词的基本认识英语中动词的语法作用同汉语区别很大。动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外，还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。按照动词是否充当谓语，我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。每一类动词所包含的主要语法知识如 下。 时态 （按高考要求共九个时态） 谓语动词 语态 （主动语态和被动语态） 语气 （陈述语气和虚拟语气） 主谓一致动词 动词不定式 非谓语动词 分词 （现在分词和过去分词） 动名词非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。2.分词的语法作用分词分现在分词和过去分词两类，具有形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。例 1：The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging.(P.51, Senior Book 2B)句中的现在分词 encouraging 充当句子的表语。例 2：The people performing all play different instrument. (P.49, Senior Book2B)Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death. (P.52, Senior Book2A)现在分词 performing 作后置定语，修饰 the people; 过去分词 polluted 作定语修饰 rivers and lakes。用心 爱心 专心例 3：So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him, and went to live in English. (P.57, Senior Book2B)现在分词短语 preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him 作状语，表示 he left France and went to live in England 的原因。Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. (P.14 Senior Book2B)过去分词短语 well known for his expert advice 也充当状语，表示原因。分词短语充当状语时，其作用相当于一个状语从句，因此都可以用状语从句替代。Well known for his expert advice = Because he was known for his expert advice,显然，按照修辞的标准衡量，分词短语较状语从句更为精练。例 4：They broke into the uncle’s bedroom...
