2012届高考英语 专题十四 主谓一致与数词

2012 届高考英语 专题十四 主谓一致与数词主谓一致在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。一、使用复数谓语动词的情况1． 由 and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both the teacher and the students are working hard. 但当 and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and 连接的两个名词前有 each，every 等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The knife and fork lies on the table. 2． “the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3． the people/cattle/police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况1． 单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如 something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2． 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Looking after the baby is my job. 3． 学科名词，以s 结尾的单数名词，以s 结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. 4． 单数名词＋ with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including 等作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 三、使用就近原则的情况or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：1Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball ， otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. 四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：class, family，population, committee ...