非谓语动词一、不定式1．作主语It is right to give up smoking.2．作宾语I find it interesting to study history.3．作宾语补足语He asked me to work with him.4．作定语作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。Please give me a knife to cut with.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no money and no place to live.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you anything to send？(不定式 to send 的动作执行者是“你”)Have you anything to be sent？(不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)5．作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(结果)6．作表语My job is to help the patient.7．作独立成分To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you.二、动名词1．动名词由动词＋ing 构成，否定形式为 not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。(1)作主语Running is good for your health.(2)作表语Her job is teaching.(3)作宾语I avoided seeing him.We don’t allow smoking here.(4)作定语He has a reading room.2．动名词的复合结构如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。3．动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。We are interested in playing chess.如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。He likes being helped.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.三、分词1．分词的时态和语态(1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为 not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well.(2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动...
