专题一 名词与冠词(一)语法讲练——过知识关要点一 名词的单复数1.规则名词的 5 种复数变化形式① 下列以-f 结尾的名词既可以变 f 为 v 后再加-es,也可以直接在 f 后加-s:handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarf→scarfs/scarves② 巧记变-f 或-fe 为 v+-es 的名词:[巧学助记] 为了自己(self)活命(life),小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上,把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。2.不规则名词的 2 种复数变化形式[名师指津] ① fish 表示不同种类的鱼时,其复数形式为 fishes,而表示同一种鱼时,其单复数形式相同;② people 指“人们”时单复数同形,指“民族”时,其复数为peoples。3.合成名词的 2 种复数形式(1)若有主体名词,则把主体名词变成复数;若无主体名词,则把最后一部分变成复数。passer - by→passers - by, sister - in - law→sisters - in - law, grown -up→grown-ups, housewife-housewives(2)“man/woman+n.”变复数时,作定语的 man/woman 和主体名词都要变复数:women engineers。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1 . (2018· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).[解析] 考查名词。此处 cause 是可数名词,意为“原因”,句中的 all 表示“所有”,后应用可数名词的复数形式,故填 causes。[答案] causes2 . (2018· 浙 江 卷 )Making Chinese ________(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.[解析] 考查名词单复数。dish 是可数名词,其前无限定词,故用其复数形式dishes。[答案] dishes3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.[解析] 考查名词复数。根据句意可知 Sarah 已拒绝了好几个邀请,前面有 several修饰,故用 invitation 的复数形式。[答案] invitations4 . (2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ )This trend, which was started by the medical community( 医 学 界 ) as a method of fighting heart dis...