专题限时集训(二十)主旨大意题A(2016·南京三模)Anelectriccarispoweredbyallelectricmotorinsteadofagasolineengine.Theelectricmotorgetsenergyfromacontroller,whichregulatestheamountofpower,andthisisbasedonthedriver'suseofanacceleratorpedal.Theelectriccar(alsoknownaselectricvehicleorEV)usesenergystoredinitsrechargeablebatteries，whicharerechargedbycommonhouseholdelectricity.Unlikeahybridcar，whichisfueledbygasolineandusesabatteryandmotortoimproveefficiency，anelectriccarispoweredexclusivelybyelectricity.Historically,EVshavenotbeenwidelyadoptedbecauseoflimiteddrivingrangebeforeneedingtoberecharged，longrechargingtime，andalackofcommitmentbyautomakerstoproduceandmarketelectriccarsthathaveallthecomfortsofgas－poweredcars.That'schanging.Asbatterytechnologyimprovesbysimultaneouslyincreasingenergystorageandreducingcost，majorautomakersareexpectedtointroduceanewgenerationofelectriccars.Electriccarsproducenotailpipeemissions，reduceourdependencyonoil，andarecheapertooperate.Ofcourse，theprocessofproducingtheelectricitymovestheemissionsfurtherupstreamtotheutilitycompany'ssmokestack，butevendirtyelectricityusedinelectriccarsusuallyreduceourcollectivecarbonfootprint.Anotherfactorisconvenience.Inonetriptothegasstation，youcanpump330kilowatt－hoursofenergyintoa10－gallontank.Itwouldtakeabout9daystogetthesameamountofenergyfromhouseholdelectriccurrent.Fortunately，ittakeshoursandnotdaystorechargeanelectriccar，becausetheprocessismuchmoreefficient.Justasthemajorcarcompanieswerereducingtheirelectriccarprogramsin2004and2005，theperfectstormwasbrewingonthehorizon:acombinationofgrowingacceptanceofglobalwarming，oilpriceincreasesandrunawaysalesoftheToyotaPrius，ahybridcarwhichusesgasandelectricity.Themajorautocompanieswentrightbacktothedrawingboardandemergedwithbigplansforelectriccars.Asglobaloilsuppliesareusedupandoilbecomesmoreandmoreexpensive，electriccarsarethelogicalandecologicalalternativeforthefuture.本文主要介绍了电动汽车的概念和工作原理、电动汽车的发展历史以及与传统燃油动力汽车比较的优势和劣势，最后还讲了电动汽车的发展前景。1．Whichofthefollowingwasareasonwhyelectriccarswerenotpopular?A．Electriccarswerenotcomfortable.B．Electriccarsweremuchmoreexpensive.C．Automakersfailedtomarketelectriccars.D．Rechargingelectriccarstookalongtime.D[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，电动汽车重新充电需要很长时间是其未能流行的原因。故选项D符合题意。]2．Themainpurposeofthetextisto________．A．showreadershowhybridcarsworkB．persuadereaderstobuyelectriccarsC．givereadersinformationaboutelectriccarsD．provethatelectriccarsaresuperiortogasolinecarsC[主旨大意题。综览全文可知，文章首先介绍了电动汽车的概念和工作原理，然后讲了电动汽车的发展历史以及与传统燃油动力汽车比较的优势和劣势，最后指出了电动汽车的发展前景。由此可知，本文的主要目的是给读者提供一些关于电动汽车的信息。故选项C符合题意。]3．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsthefutureofelectriccars?A．Negative.B．Positive.C．Objective.D．Doubtful.B[推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可知，作者对电动汽车的未来持积极的态度。故选项B符合题意。]B(2016·广州模拟)TheUnitedStatesofAmericawasfoundedin1776afterthe13independentAmericanstatesroseupagainsttherulingBritish，defeatedthemintheAmericanRevolutionaryWar，andsignedTheDeclarationofIndependence，thedocumentwhichdeclaredthecreationofthenewcountry.Themenwholedtherevolution，draftedTheDeclarationofIndependence，andwrotethefirstAmer...
