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CHAPTER1•Manager（管理者）Someonewhoworkswithandthroughotherpeoplebycoordinatingandintegratingtheirworkactivitiesinordertoaccomplishorganizationalgoals•First-lineManagers（基层管理者）Areatthelowestlevelofmanagementandmanagetheworkofnon-managerialemployees.•MiddleManagers（中层管理者）Managetheworkoffirst-linemanagers.•TopManagers（高层管理者）Areresponsibleformakingorganization-widedecisionsandestablishingplansandgoalsthataffecttheentireorganization.WhatIsManagement?（什么是管理）•Coordinatingworkingactivities（协调）•ManagerialConcernsEfficiency（效率）“Doingthingsright”–GettingthemostoutputfortheleastinputsEffectiveness（效果）“Doingtherightthings”–Attainingorganizationalgoals•FunctionalApproach（管理职能）Planning（计划）Defininggoals,establishingstrategiestoachievegoals,developingplanstointegrateandcoordinateactivities.Organizing（组织）Arrangingworktoaccomplishorganizationalgoals.Leading（领导）Workingwithandthroughpeopletoaccomplishgoals.Controlling（控制）Monitoring,comparing,andcorrectingthework.•ManagementRolesApproach（管理角色）Interpersonalroles（人际）Figurehead,leader,liaisonInformationalroles（信息）Monitor,disseminator,spokespersonDecisionalroles（决策）Entrepreneur,Disturbancehandler,resourceallocator,negotiator•SkillsApproach（管理技能）Technicalskills（技术技能）KnowledgeandproficiencyinaspecificfieldHumanskills（人际技能）TheabilitytoworkwellwithotherpeopleConceptualskills（概念技能）Theabilitytothinkandconceptualizeaboutabstractandcomplexsituationsconcerningtheorganization••AnOrganizationDefinedAdeliberatearrangementofpeopletoaccomplishsomespecificpurpose•CommonCharacteristicsofOrganizationsHaveadistinctpurpose(goal)ComposedofpeopleHaveadeliberatestructureCHAPTER2ScientificManagementTaylor’sFourPrinciplesofManagement1.Developascienceforeachelementofanindividual’swork,whichwillreplacetheoldrule-of-thumbmethod.科学方法2.Scientificallyselectandthentrain,teach,anddeveloptheworker.科学培训3.Heartilycooperatewiththeworkerssoastoensurethatallworkisdoneinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthesciencethathasbeendeveloped.忠心合作4.Divideworkandresponsibilityalmostequallybetweenmanagementandworkers.职责平等5.FrankandLillianGilbreth吉尔布雷斯夫妇1.Focusedonincreasingworkerproductivitythroughthereductionofwastedmotion2.Developedthemicrochronometertotimeworkermotionsandoptimizeperformance6.HenriFayol亨利.法约尔1.Believedthatthepracticeofmanagementwasdistinctfromotherorganizationalfunctions2.DevelopedfourteenprinciplesofmanagementthatappliedtoallorganizationalsituationsDivisionofwork.Authority.Discipline.Unityofcommand.Unityofdirection.Subordinationofindividualinteresttotheinterestsoftheorganization.Remuneration.Centralization.Scalarchain.Order.Equity.Stabilityoftenureofpersonnel.Initiative.Espritdecorps.7.MaxWeber马克斯.韦伯1.Developedatheoryofauthoritybasedonanidealtypeoforganization(bureaucracy•OrganizationalBehavior(OB)Thestudyoftheactionsofpeopleatwork;peoplearethemostimportantassetofanorganizationTheHawthorneStudies（霍桑实验•AseriesofproductivityexperimentsconductedatWesternElectricfrom1927to1932.•ExperimentalfindingsProductivityunexpectedlyincreasedunderimposedadverseworkingconditions.Theeffectofincentiveplanswaslessthanexpected.•ResearchconclusionSocialnorms,groupst...