学案(九)用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在写作中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给作文增色添彩。一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以考生在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。1.主动语态变被动语态①Wecanborrowatmostfivebooksatatime,andwecankeepthemfortendays.→Atmostfivebookscanbeborrowedatatimeandtheycanbekeptfortendays.②Whenweputsomewastechemicalsintothesea,theycanhurtorkillanimalsandfish.→Whensomewastechemicalsareputintothesea,theycanhurtorkillanimalsandfish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①Theexhibitionwillbeheldfrom9:00amto5:00pmthedayaftertomorrowintheartgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。②Nowadays,moreandmoreEnglishwordsarebeingusedintheChineselanguage.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。(2)情态动词+be+过去分词①Toimprovetheairquality,theuseofprivatecarsshouldbereduced.为了提高空气质量,应该减少使用私家车。②Ascanbeseenfromthechart,moreandmorepeopleownmobilephonesinChinanow.正如从表中所看到的,如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。(3)get+过去分词①Theentrancetotheparkingplacewastoosmallandoftengotblocked.(2014·北京高考满分作文)通往存车处的入口太小了,经常堵车。②I’mfeelingverysorrytotellyouthatIhavetochangeourplantovisitYunnaninJuly,becausemyleftfootgotinjured.(2014·北京高考满分作文)我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划,因为我的左脚受伤了。[即时演练]句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)1.Aboveall,wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.2.Itistruethatmanythingsdetermineourfuture.→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.3.Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.4.Isuggestthatyou(should)makefriendswithpeoplehavingdifferentcharacteristicsorbackgrounds.→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.二、委婉动听的虚拟语气虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一,在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中,不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件,而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点的客观性。1.陈述语气变虚拟语气①Ididn’ttakehisadvice,soIfailedintheexam.→IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldn’thavefailedintheexam.②It’stimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.→It’stimethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.2.写作中常见的虚拟语气(1)if型虚拟语气,“如果……,就……”Secondly,ifIwereyou,Iwouldtakeawalkintheeveningwithmyfriends.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)第二,如果我是你,我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。(2)wish型虚拟语气,“希望……”Besides,Iwishtherewouldn’tbetoomanystudentsinaclass.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)另外,我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。(3)asif/though型虚拟语气,“好像……”Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasif/thoughtheyhadjusthappened.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中,仿佛刚刚发生似的。(4)ifonly型虚拟语气,“要是……就好了;但愿……”IfonlyIcouldgobackandresetmygoals.(2015·重庆高考写作)要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。(5)It’s(high/about)time(that)...型虚拟语气,“是……的时候了”Itishightimethatbothchildrenandparentstook/shouldtakeactiontomakesomechanges.确实到了孩子和父母行动起来...