Unit1Talesoftheunexplained—grammar教案PresentperfecttenseTeachingaim:TogiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfecttenseTeachingprocedures:1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.2Theformofthepresentperfecttense3TalkabouttheusesofthepresentperfecttenseAWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.BWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.CWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyetWeusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.DWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,justisused.Payattentiontothepositionofjust.Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)Weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.Ihavejustheardthenews.(NowIknowthenews.)EWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…FActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.)Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.AWehavestudied(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.BTheyhavelived(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.CIhaveread(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.DThestudenthasfinished(finish)herhomeworkalready.EErichasgone(go)backtohishometowntoday.FThepolicehavejustfinished(finish)searchingthearea.4ComparethesimplepasttenseandthepresentperfecttenseLookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.AWehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.BTheymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.CEriclefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.EJustinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.FTheyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.Gmybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.Completethefollowingsentences:a‘Haveyouseenmypen?’‘Yes,Isawitonyourdeskjustnow.’b‘Haveyouhaddinner?’‘Yes,IhaditwithMary.’CHasthepostmancomeyet/thismorning?DDidthepostmancomethismorning?EIhaveknownhimforalongtime.FHello!Ididn’tknowyouwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Notes:1)Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.c.f.Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.2)Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.3)Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)4)Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepres...
