专题四介词和介词短语介词是每年高考语法填空和短文改错两个题型中的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及with,by等常用介词的主要用法及介词与动词、形容词和名词等构成的固定搭配。常用介词的基本用法单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.1.答案of/for考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for,表示“……的方法”。2.(2017课标全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.2.答案as分析句子结构可知,as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。3.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.3.答案from考查介词。此处是指“当他们上下班时”。4.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.4.答案in名词degree意为“学位”,后面应该跟介词in,表示“在……方面”。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。5.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.5.答案withwithone'shands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。单句改错6.(2019课标全国卷Ⅲ)Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”.6.答案删除like考查介词。句中suchas已表示“像,例如”,故like多余。7.(2018课标全国卷Ⅰ)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.7.答案去掉for此处的everytwoyears是名词性短语,意为“每两年”,在句中作状语,其前不用介词。8.(2017课标全国卷Ⅱ)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.8.答案去掉forbuy为及物动词,其后直接跟宾语。buysth.(forsb.)或buysb.sth.表示“给某人买某物”。9.(2017课标全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.9.答案去掉第二个ofrealize是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语从句“howfasttimeflies”。表示时间的介词at表示时间点、具体时刻等。at6o'clock;atdaybreak(2018天津卷)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.到2050年,全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家估计食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。InBritain,it'snotunusualtohaveabusinessmeetingoverbreakfast.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。onMondayafternoon;onarainydaymorningin表示在某段较长的时间内。inthe20thcentury;inwinter;inSeptember;inthemorningin/after在……之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用since后接时间点,“自从……以来”for后接时间段,“长达……”until/till直到……by到……为止;不迟于……during在……期间before在……之前over在……期间;直到……结束through一直,自始至终表示地点的介词at后常接相对较小的地方Thedogjumpedoversomebushesandsawthelittlestream.那只狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。Thesunlightcameinthroughthewindowsintheroofandlitupthewholeroom.阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。in后常接相对较大的地方或某一个大的范围on在……上(beneath)↔across从……的表面穿过;在……对面through从……的内部穿过over从……的上面跨过(under)↔above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(b...
