必修6Unit3AHealthyLife导学案阅读欣赏WhatWeStillDon'tKnowAboutAIDS?Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSaredetected,scientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother.YetPeterPiot,whodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram,andStefanoVellaofRome,presidentoftheInternationalAIDSSociety,andotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases.Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain:1.WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem?WhenHIVistransmittedsexually,thevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells.2.HowdoesHIVdestroytheimmunesystem?AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirus,thereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask:Cantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentified?Ifso,cantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSinfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace?3.Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtreatment?Intheory,earlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.Butthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminate(消除)HIVfromthebodysothemedicines,whichcanhavedangeroussideeffects,willhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferred(推迟)untiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening.4.Isavaccinepossible?Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingthedisease.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltesting,andthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillprovideprotectionagainstothertypes.5.Intheabsenceofavaccine,howcanHIVbestopped?Withoutmoreincisive,focusedbehavioralresearch,preventionmessagesalonewillnotstoptheglobaldisease.科学家说,在第一批艾滋病例被发现以后的20年里,他们对这种病毒性疾病的了解,已超过其他任何一种病毒性疾病。但是,联合国艾滋病规划署的负责人彼得·皮奥和国际艾滋病学会会长罗马的斯特凡诺·韦拉及其他一些专家都认为,全面考察那些未决问题,可能对艾滋病和其他疾病治疗的进展是一项有益的举措。这些较广泛的重要科学问题包括:1、艾滋病病毒侵入人体后通过什么途径摧毁免疫系统?当艾滋病病毒通过性接触传播时,病毒必须穿过组织屏障进入人体。这个过程目前尚不清楚。病1毒可能直接侵入,或许由一系列不同种类的细胞带入。2、艾滋病病毒是怎样破坏免疫系统的?艾滋病病毒能杀死对付自己的免疫细胞,但艾滋病病毒携带者患艾滋病的快慢却大不相同。因此科学家提出问题:免疫系统中那些使人患艾滋病时间出现差异的因素能否被识别出来?如果能,它们能否用于制止艾滋病患者病情的恶化,甚至在最初就可能防止人们感染艾滋病病毒?3、最有效的艾滋病疗法是什么?从理论上来说,尽早治疗可以提供维护免疫功能的最佳时机。但是新药物无法彻底清除体内的艾滋病病毒,因此患者不得不终身服用这些具有危险副作用的药物,而且还可能在产生抗药性时改服别的药物。因此新的方法可能建议在免疫系统出现衰退迹象时才开始治疗。4、可能研制出疫苗吗?毫无疑问,一种有效的疫苗是控制这种瘟疫的关键。但是目前只有一种疫苗进入了全面检验的阶段,而对其会有多大的保护功能,却有着很大的争议。世界各地流行的艾滋病在遗传类型上各不相同,目前还不清楚,从某种艾滋病病毒获得的疫苗能否防止其他类型的艾滋病。5、如果没有疫苗,能否阻止艾滋病病毒的传播?如果没有深入集中的行为研究...