MODULE2Me，myparentsandmyfriendsPart2:TeachingResources第二部分教学资源Section1:BackgroundReadings1.英语指示代词指示代词有this，that，these，those等，指示代词是专门用来指出或表示人或物的一类词。1）指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：单数复数限定词：ThisgirlisMary.Thosemenaremyteachers.代词：ThisisMary.Thosearemyteachers.2)指示代词的句法功能；a.作主语Thisisthewaytodoit.这事儿就该这样做。Thisisapen．这是一支钢笔。Isthatyourfather？那是你父亲吗？Theseareyourpencils．这些是你的铅笔。Thosearen’tourteachers．那些人不是我们的老师。注意：指示代词做主语时，指人或物都可以，但是作其他成份时，只指物。b.作宾语Ilikethisbetterthanthat.我喜欢这个甚至那个。Weshouldalwayskeepthisinmind．我们应当经常记住这一点。Iwilldothat．我将做那件事。HeboughttheseinShanghai．他在上海买了这些。c.作主语补语Mypointisthis.我的观点就是如此。d.作介词宾语Idon'tsaynotothat.我并未拒绝那个。Thereisnofearofthat.那并不可怕。e.作表语，例：Myideaisthis．我的意见是这个。Oh，it’snotthat．噢，问题不在那儿。f.作定语，例：Iknowthisboy．我认识这个男孩。Ishereallygoingtomarrythatgirl？他真的打算娶那女孩吗？Whoarethosepeople？那些人是谁？Forthesereasons，we’vedecidedtoputoffthemeeting．由于这些原因我们已决定推迟会议。说明1：指示代词在做主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)Thatismyteacher.那是我的老师。（that做主语，指人）(对)Heisgoingtomarrythisgirl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）(错)Heisgoingtomarrythis.（this作宾语时不能指人）(对)Iboughtthis.我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)说明2：That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对)Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对)Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(错)Headmiredthatwhodancedwell.（that作宾语时不能指人）(对)Headmiredthosewhodancedwell.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）(对)Headmiredthosewhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）2.Chinese汉语TheChineselanguageformspartoftheSino-Tibetanfamilyoflanguages.Aboutone-fifthofthepeopleintheworldspeaksomeformofChineseastheirnativelanguage,makingitthelanguagewiththemostnativespeakers.3.English英语EnglishisaWestGermaniclanguagethatoriginatesfromEnglandandisspokenintheUnitedKingdom,UnitedStates,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,Ireland,SouthAfrica,andmanyothercountries.Englishisnowthethird-mostspokennativelanguageworldwide(afterChineseandHindi),withsome380millionspeakers.Ithaslinguafrancastatusinmanypartsoftheworld,duetothemilitary,economic,scientific,politicalandculturalinfluenceoftheBritishEmpireinthe18th,19thandearly20thcenturiesandthatoftheUnitedStatesfromthemid-20thcenturytothepresent.ThroughtheglobalinfluenceofnativeEnglishspeakersincinema,airlines,broadcasting,science,andtheInternetinrecentdecades,Englishisnowthemostwidelylearnedsecondlanguageintheworld.ManystudentsworldwidearerequiredtolearnsomeEnglish,andaworkingknowledgeofEnglishisrequiredinmanyfieldsandoccupations.4.Japanese日语Japaneseisalanguagespokenbyover127millionpeople,mainlyinJapan,butalsobyJapaneseemigrantcommunitiesaroundtheworld.ItisconsideredanagglutinativelanguageandisdistinguishedbyasystemofhonorificsreflectingthehierarchicalnatureofJapanesesociety,withverbformsandparticularvocabularywhichindicatetherelativestatusofspeakerandlistener.ThesoundinventoryofJap...
