Module4Seeingthedoctor现在完成时(三)1．—Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?你像这样有多长时间了？—SinceFriday.I'vebeenillforaboutthreedays!自从周五。我已经病了大概三天了！2．Ihaven'tdonemuchexercisesinceIgotmycomputerlastyear.自从去年我有了电脑以来，我就没怎么锻炼过。3．Wehaveplayedfootballforayearnow.现在我们踢了一年的足球。.1．如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是，for后面接一段时间，而since后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即for用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：IhavelivedinHebeifortenyears.我在河北已经住了十年。Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince2010.自从2010年起，他就在这所学校了。MysisterhaslearntEnglishsinceshewasfour.我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。2．如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用howlong。例如：—HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你学英语学了多长时间了？—Forfouryears.四年了。—Howlonghashetaughthere?他在这儿教书多长时间了？—Sincefiveyearsago.自从五年前。3．在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在否定句中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：Ihavestayedinthehotelforaweek.我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。Myparentshaven'tseenmefortwoyears.我父母有两年没见我了。Hehasn'tcometoschoolforaweek.他一周没来上学了。[注意]短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下：(1)fallasleep→beasleep(2)begin/start→beon(3)buy→have(4)die→bedead(5)come→bein(6)arrive→behere(7)join→bein/beamemberof(8)finish/end→beover(9)leave→beaway(10)borrow→keep(11)begintostudy→study(12)comeback→beback4．现在完成时态还经常用于“It'sthefirst/second⋯timethat⋯”结构中。例如：It'sthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedhere.这是我第一次参观这里。It'sthethirdtimethatyouhaveseenthefilmwithme.这是你第三次和我一起看电影。Ⅰ.单项填空()1.—Lookatthesestamps.I________themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.A．keptB．havekeptC．haveboughtD．bought()2.2016·宜宾It'salreadytensofyears________theworld'spopulationreachedfivebillion.A．beforeB．afterC．sinceD．for()3.OurforeignteacherMrGreen________usEnglishsincethreeyearsago.A．hastaughtB．isteachingC．taughtD．teaches()4.2017·扬州—Youhaveanicecar.—Thankyou.I________itforlessthanonemonth.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．hadD．havehad()5.RickhaslearnedalotaboutChineseculture________hecametoChina.A．beforeB．whenC．untilD．since()6.—________haveyoulearnedChinese?—For3years.A．HowoftenB．HowmuchC．HowlongD．Howsoon()7.2017·宿迁Mygrandparents________forover60yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A．havebeenmarriedB．gotmarriedC．weremarriedD．havegotmarried()8.2017·凉山—LastnightIwenttoaconcertofChinesefolkmusic.ErquanYingyuewassosadbutbeautifulthatIsensedastrongsadnessandpainunderthebeauty.—Soitwas.Themusicianwhoplayeditlastnight________toplaytheerhusincehe________veryyoung.A．learned;wasB．haslearned;amC．haslearned;wasD．learned;hasbeen()9.2017·西宁Hisgrandmother________for6years.Andhestillmissesherverymuch.A．diedB．hasdiedC．hasbeendeadD．hasbeendied()10.2016·济南—DoesJimmystillworkasadriver?—No.Hehas________fortwoyears.A．leftthecompanyB．gonetoShanghaiC．studiedincollegeD．losthisjob()11.2016·威海—Isthatanewcoat?—No,I________itforalongtime.A．boughtB．haveboughtC．havehad()12.2017·达州—...
