LectureTwoDiction:choiceanduseofwordsThedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightningandthelightingbug．用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。”Usingtherightwordattherighttimeisratherlikewearingappropriateclothingfortheoccasion:itisacourtesytoothers,andafavortoyourself-amatterofpresentingyourselfwellintheeyesoftheworld.----TheReader’sDigestA.FormalDictionFormalEnglishisthelanguageofprofessionaljournals,formalspeeches,andmostseriouscollegewriting.“gentlemen”vs.“men”or“guys”.Poor---impoverished;rich---wealthy;clever(smart)---intelligent;car---automobile;TV---television;hard-working---diligent;next-to-last---penultimate;“onthepenultimatedayoftheweek-longmeeting”(在历时一周的会议结束的前一天FormalThereisnothingnewintherecognition,withinagivenlanguage,ofadistinctionbetweencommonusageandusesofthelanguageformorerestrictedpurposesandoftenenough,perhapscharacteristically,moreelevatedpurposes.Themonolithic(单一的；统一的)natureofEnglishisnotquestionedwhenliteraryessayistslikeEmersoncontrastpoetryandcommonspeech.ThelatterisrecognizedinAmericatobethepropersubjectfortheinvestigationoflinguistswho,however,nowshowsomeincipient(起初的)inclinationtoinvestigatepoetry,too,andothernoncasual(无关联的)utterances(话语)inagivenlanguage.InformalDictionInformalEnglish---theEnglishwespeakeachday---isfoundinpartsofnovels,shortstories,letters,books,newspapers,articlesforgeneralreadershipandadvertisements.1.ColloquialismsColloquialEnglishoccursincasualspeechanditisperfectlyacceptablewhenyouarespeakingonanybutthemostformaloccasions.Contractions---isn’t,won’t,I’m,he’dShortenedforms---phone,exam,photoPhrases---youknow,ImeanEg.Doingparttimesjobsisterriblybeneficialtocollegestudents.Eg.Thecoparereadyatanytimetoprotectthesecurityofourpropertyandlife.terriblyvery;coppoliceIsawaghost,andIwasfrightenedtodeath.(colloquial)Isawanapparition,anditreducedmetoaconditionofmoralterror.(formal)Slangwordsarehighlyinformal：theymaybevividandinteresting,buttheymay,whenusedinappropriately,makethewriterorspeakersoundoffensive.Onhearingthathisfatherhadkickedthebucket,wewrotehimalettertoexpressoursympathies.FormalvscommonCommon:samespeechlearnedFormal:IdenticalorationeruditeCommon;DestroystifftrypieceFormal:AnnihilaterigidendeavorfragmentunderstandthedifferrenceThecolorfitsyouwell.(X)Thecolorsuitsyouwell.Theseshoesdon’tsuitme..(X)Theseshoesdon’tfitme.fit&suit（适合）（fit：大小尺码合适；suit：看上去体面协调。）搭配上的不同Consist,compose,constitute,makeupSure,certainIamsurethatIcanbenefitalotfromdoingtemporaryjobsinmyfreetime.Itiscertainthatsocialknowledgeisindispensableforacollegestudenttoadapttothesociety.Spread,scatterOccur,happen,takeplaceDeprive,rob,denyElect,vote,select,pickup,chooseDisturb,interfereFocus,concentrateEstimate,predictInvolve,include,containSurvive,exist,liveOffer,provide,supplyVary,change,shift,alter,convertSuspect,doubtConvince,persuade,dissuadeDamage,injure,harm,hurtAffect,influenceWait,expect,anticipate,lookforwardtoCreate,invent,make,manufacture,discoverRise,arise,raise,arouseVocational,professionalScarce,rareAlive,live,lively,livingTense,nervousAncient,oldEconomic,economicalHistoric,historicalLate,later,latter,latestSingle,individualPriceless,valuable,precious,treasuredConsiderate,considerableSensitive,sensible,sensor...
