句子的成分•句子通常有两个部分构成，即主语与谓语。主语是句子的中心，谓语是说明主语的动作或状态的(谓语通常是动词或动词短语，后面常跟宾语或状语）句子的分类（1)陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法的句子，叫陈述句。陈述句有肯定式和否定式两种形式。如：肯定陈述句：Thisismypencil.否定陈述句：Thisisnotmypencil.（2)疑问句：用来提出问题的句子叫做疑问句。疑问句可分为有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句。•一般疑问句：Areyouastudent?•特殊疑问句：What'syourname?•选择疑问句：Doyoulikeanappleoranorange?（3)祈使句：表示命令，请求的句子称为祈使句。如：Standup,please!Bequick.MayIuseyourpencil?（4)感叹句:表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子叫做感叹句。Hownicethebookis!Whatanicebook!句子谓语动词的特点1.含be动词am，is，are，was,were２.含情态动词can，will,may，must，need,could,would等或含助动词do,does或did3.含实义动词,除了be动词,情态动词和助动词外的所有动词→在be动词后面加not→在情态动词或助动词后面加not→借助于助动词do,does或did,在do,does或did后面加not（如果句子的主语是第三人称单数，用does，此时原句里的第三人称单数的动词要还原）如何将肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句如何将陈述句变成疑问句1.含be动词am，is，are，was,were2.含情态动词can，will,may，must，need,could,would等或含助动词do,does或did3.含实义动词,除了be动词,情态动词和助动词外的所有动词→将be动词提前→将情态动词或助动词提前→借助于助动词do,does或did,将do,does或did提前（如果句子的主语是第三人称单数，用does，此时原句里的第三人称单数的动词要还原）练习：根据所给句子，填入所缺单词完成下列一般疑问句。1.Heisastudent.______________astudent？2.Tomcanhelphismother._______Tom_______hismother？3.Mr．HutaughtLucymathslastyear．_______Mr．Hu_______Lucymathslastyear？4.Mikeplayscomputergameseveryday._______Mike_______computergameseveryday？IsheDidteachplayDoeshelpCan直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句/祈使句）四部走：１．做判断２．变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理)３．变时态４．变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词(祈使句此步骤省略)•陈述句：•一般疑问句：•特殊疑问句：加that,that可以省略加if或者whether,再变成陈述句语序用特殊疑问词开头，直接变成陈述句语序。1.做判断谓语动词：saidthat…toldme/him/themthat…saidtome/him/themthat…谓语动词：asked(sb.)if/whether…谓语动词：asked(sb.)+疑问词…Whatisthedifferenceamongthesentencesbelow:Openthewindow.Pleaseopenthewindow.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?CommandCommand（命（命令令））RequestRequest（请求）（请求）NotpoliteNotpoliteVerypoliteVerypoliteGivemethebook.Givemethebook.Pleasegivemethebook.Pleasegivemethebook.WouldyoupleasegivemeWouldyoupleasegivemethebook?thebook?Usually,givingcommandsislesspolitethanmakingrequests.通常，发号施令比做出请求更没有礼貌。•Commands:Do/Don’t…….•Requests:Do……,pleaseCanyou……?Couldyou…..?Willyou…….?Wouldyou……?Findtherules：“Makesurethedoorisopen.”theteachersaidtome.Theteachertoldmetomakesurethedoorisopen.“Don’tplaygamesintheclassroom.”themonitorsaidtous.Themonitortoldusnottoplaygamesintheclassroom.“Willyoupleasenotsmokehere?”sheadded.Sheaskedmenottosmokehere.DirectspeechDirectspeechIndirectspeechIndirectspeechtoldmetotoldusnottoaskedmenottoRulesandpracticeofdirectandindirectspeech当直接引语为祈使句时，转换为间接引语要用一个带动词不定式的简单句表示命令和请求：祈使句的直接引语和间接引语1.表示命令命令的祈使句的间接引语句型：tell/ordersb(not)todosth1)“Openthedoor.”hesaid.2)“Putupyourhand.”hesaid.3)“Bequiet.”Theteachersaidtothestudents.Hetold/orderedmeto...
