独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构（theabsolutestructure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如：1）Nightenshroudingtheearth，nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance．（黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。）2）Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach，hisheadrestinguponhisleftforearm．（他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。）•独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：1）Becausenightenshroudedtheearth，nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance．2）Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach．Hisheadresteduponhisleftforearm．二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式•独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词（短语）外，还有如下特殊构成形式。1．名词＋介词短语1）ThemayorofHiroshimastrodeataleisurepacetowardthepuzzledjournalist，abunchofflowersinhishands．（广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。）•2．名词＋形容词（短语）1）TheTrojansasleep，theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse．（特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。）•3．名词＋副词1）Thislittleexcitementover，noth-ingwastobedonebuttoreturntoasteadfastgazeatmymutecompanion．（一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。）•Thewretchedboy，whohasrecentlybeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsinthebarracks，isnowsweepingawaythesnow，hishandsnumbwithcold．•Thisintermezzoover，hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyseveralstunning，porcelain-facedJapanesewomeninkimonos．•Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheramshacklehouse，avastloadoffirewoodonherback．with+复合宾语一形式：with+名词（或代词）+现在分词1.Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.2.Youcan’tleaveherewiththemachinerunning.3.Withhimtakingchargeofthetask,Ihavenodoubtofitssuccess.4.Withwintercomingon,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.with+名词（或代词）+过去分词5.Theoldmanwaslisteningtotheradio,withhiseyeshalfclosed.6.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.7.Withthetreesgrowntall,wecangetmoreshade.8.Withtheworkfinished,allofuswentoutforawalk.9.Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式11.Ican’tgooutwithallthesedishestowash.12.Withsomanybookstoread,Icouldn’tgooutwithyou.13.Withonlytwominutestogo,theyhurriedtothestation.14.Withallthisworktodo,Idon’tknowifI’llhavetimetogoout.with+名词（或代词）+介词短语15.Hewalkedalongwithhishatonthebackofhishead.16.Hesimplystaredatherwiththatpeculiarexpressiononhisface.17.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.18.Shesawabrookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbothsides.with+名词（或代词）+形容词19.Themanwassleepingwiththewindowopen.20.Themotherdoesn’tallowherchildtotalkwithhismouthfull.with+名词（或代词）+副词21.WithJohnaway,we’vegotmoreroom.22.TheEmperorwalkedinthemiddleoftheprocessionwithnothingon.23.Thestudentlistenedtohisteacherwithhisheaddown.24.Withtheteacherthere,hecan’twrite.三、独立主格结构的用法•独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。•1．作时间状语•1）Myshoesremoved，Ienteredalow-ceilingedroom，treadingcau...
