单元语法聚焦( 一 )一、介词 by 的用法1 . by 表示方式、方法或手段,后接名词或动名词,意为“使用某物;靠;乘 ( 车、船 ) 等”。 eg :Do you learn English by reading aloud ?你通过朗读来学习英语吗?2 . by 表示时间,意为“到……时 ( 为止 ) ;在……以前、不迟于”。 eg :I have to go to bed by ten o'clock. 我必须十点前睡觉。Can you finish your work by nine o'clock ?你能在九点前完成你的工作吗?3 . by 表示地点、位置,意为“靠近;在……旁边”。 eg :The boy often reads books by the river. 这个男孩经常在河边读书。4 . by 表示移动的方向,意为“从……旁边过”。 eg :He walked by me without speaking. 他从我旁边经过,没有说话。5 . by 表示根据,意为“按照”。 eg :What time is it by your watch ?你的手表几点了?6 . by 表示被抓着的、被接触的身体的某一部分。 eg :She took me by the hand. 她拉着我的手。二、动名词用法小结1 .动名词在句中作主语(1) 动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 eg :Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操对我们的健康有好处。(2) 可以用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。 eg :Getting up early is good for your health.→It's good for your health to get up early. 早起对你的健康有益。2 .动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语时,一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词有:finish , enjoy , keep , stand( 忍受 ) , suggest , advise , practice ,allow , mind , imagine 等。 eg :The tourists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round. 游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。Do you mind opening the window ?你介意开一下窗户吗?(2) 动名词作介词的宾语,包括以介词结尾的动词短语,如: give up ,take part in , be good at 等。 eg :I know you are good at drawing pictures. 我知道你擅长画画。Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年轻人在植树节那天参加了植树活动。Learning English ...