《英国文学》课程论文

《英国文学》课程论文 Theory：Causes of Tragedy of Tess of the D’UrbervillesAbstract: Tess of the D’Urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the unfortunate, short life of a poor peasant girl, Tess. It is also a realistic novel which reflects the miserable fate of the individual farmer of England in the late of 19th century. Tess’s tragedy is a true portrayal of the poor of her time. The cause of her tragedy is always a concern of people. This passage illustrates three different opinions about the cause of Tess’ tragic fate, which include destiny tragedy, accidental tragedy, and psychological determinism. Within the three theories, the social reasons play an important role. Being a beautiful, innocents honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social conventions and moral values of the day, abandoned by her husband and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of the society though Clare（her husband）came back to her. Key words: Tess, destiny tragedy, accidental tragedy, psychological determinism.前言十九世纪是英国资本主义迅速发展的黄金时期，英国著名小说家托马斯.哈代的创作时期包括从自由资本主义过渡到帝国主义的阶段。他看到资本主义社会给劳动人民，尤其是给农民带来的不幸和灾难，对他们表示同情。他的小说一直以故乡道塞特郡和该郡附近的地区作背景。这是一个几乎没有工业可言的农业区，但它同样受到资本主义的渗透。特别是七十年代以后，资本主义的侵入破坏了整个农村，使农村的宗法社 会的基础彻底崩溃。他观察了农业危机在道塞特郡所造成的悲惨后果，描写这一地区农民所受的灾难。但是他用唯心主义解释社会变化的原因，认为支配人的命运的是一种“弥漫宇宙的意志”。这是宿命论的观点。 作者简介托马斯·哈代，英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬...